Delayed Match-to-Sample (DMS)

The Spatial Delayed Match-to-Sample (DMS) task evaluates short-term visual memory and pattern recognition without words, administered via non-verbal, touchscreen-based platforms like the CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). [13]

Mechanism

1. A complex, non-verbal abstract geometric pattern is shown on a screen
2. The pattern vanishes
3. After a short delay (0 to 12 seconds), a choice of four patterns appears
4. The subject must touch the pattern that matches the original stimulus [13]

Depression Marker

Depressed subjects show a profound drop-off in performance as the delay time increases. This flags a breakdown in:

• Visual working memory — the ability to hold and manipulate visual information online
• Neuroplasticity — heavily degraded by prolonged stress and depression

The delay-dependent performance deficit is a key translational biomarker. [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]

CANTAB Implementation

As part of the cantab battery, DMS presents trials either simultaneously or with delays of 0, 4, or 12 seconds. The participant touches one of four patterns to match the sample. This implementation is sensitive to memory impairments in depression and can assess changes over time in response to interventions.

Related Pages

cantab | nonverbal-cognitive-tasks | intradimensional-extradimensional-shift | cognitive-judgement-bias | spatial-working-memory