Ian's Noesis Wiki

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Wiki Index

Content catalog. Every wiki page listed under its type with a one-line summary. Read this first to find relevant pages for any query. Last updated: 2026-09-15 | Total pages: 136

Entities

  • alvin-plantinga — Christian epistemologist; formulated the “dwindling probabilities” critique of Bayesian apologetics
  • andrej-karpathy — AI researcher and educator (OpenAI, Tesla); creator of micrograd/nanoGPT and the autoresearch project
  • aristotle — Greek philosopher and scientist; founder of systematic biology, embryology, and formal logic; four causes, hylomorphism, essentialism
  • axorus — French start-up (BU spin-out, Yang/Cheng labs); photoacoustic retinal prosthesis; contact-lens form factor; patents licensed from BU; pre-clinical 2026
  • azalea-vision — Belgian healthtech (imec/Ghent University spin-off, 2021); ALMA medical-grade smart contact lens (adaptive optics + liquid crystal + NFC); EIC Accelerator €7.5M (Jul 2026) toward clinical development; tear-biosensing roadmap; not a neural prosthesis
  • braarudosphaera-bigelowii — Coastal coccolithophore; first eukaryote known to fix nitrogen, via its nitroplast
  • bryce-dewitt — Theoretical physicist; named and popularized the many-worlds interpretation (1970s)
  • cantab — Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; standardised touchscreen cognitive assessment platform
  • cd-broad — Cambridge philosopher; classical emergentism’s clearest statement — emergent properties determined by parts but not deducible from them in isolation (1925)
  • cebsit — CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai; est. 1999 as ION); China’s flagship neuroscience institute; Nature Index 2025 neuroscience #3 (Count 78, Share 17.04); primate brain mapping, China Brain Project, first invasive-BCI trial (curator’s workplace)
  • cellico — South Korean startup (2019; Pangyo/Seongnam); EyeCane AR glasses for low vision (CES 2024 innovation awards) + implantable artificial retina development; assignee of US11520154B2
  • cortigent — Vivani Medical subsidiary; Orion cortical visual prosthesis (60 electrodes, 6-yr EFS data) + Argus II legacy
  • daniel-everett — American linguist; decades of Pirahã fieldwork; sparked the recursion/universal grammar controversy
  • david-deutsch — Father of quantum computing; strongest MWI advocate; decision-theoretic Born rule derivation
  • david-hume — Scottish Enlightenment philosopher; 1748 essay Of Miracles established the foundational critique of miracle claims
  • erwin-schrodinger — Austrian physicist; Schrödinger equation, entanglement, the cat paradox; 1952 MWI precursor
  • gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz — German polymath; possible worlds pioneer; modal ontological argument using S5’s ◇□A → □A
  • h-dieter-zeh — German physicist; formalized quantum decoherence theory (1970)
  • hugh-everett — Originator of the relative state formulation / many-worlds interpretation (1957)
  • i-lumen-scientific — US clinical-stage company (Bloomington, MN); i-Lumen AMD System — transpalpebral microcurrent therapy for dry AMD in the i-SIGHT2 pivotal trial (FDA IDE, 2026); assignee of US12589243B2
  • intellimicro-medical — Chinese epiretinal prosthesis company (IMIE 256, Caltech/Humayun)
  • iridium-medical — Taiwanese subretinal prosthesis company (HARP4k, 4000 pixels)
  • jaegwon-kim — Brown metaphysician; the causal exclusion argument — the strongest modern critique of non-reductive physicalism and strong emergence
  • james-woodward — Pittsburgh HPS philosopher; interventionist theory of causation (Lakatos Award 2005); dissolves Kim’s causal exclusion problem for higher-level causes
  • jerry-fodor — Philosopher of cognitive science; special-sciences autonomy via multiple realization (1974); language of thought, modularity
  • jessica-wilson — Toronto metaphysician; weak/strong metaphysical emergence via dependence + autonomy, framed in causal powers
  • john-searle — Berkeley philosopher; Chinese Room argument against Strong AI; biological naturalism, speech act theory
  • john-stuart-mill — A System of Logic (1843); homopathic vs. heteropathic laws — the origin of the emergence concept
  • john-wheeler — American physicist; Everett’s advisor; coined “relative state,” “black hole,” “it from bit”
  • lev-vaidman — Israeli physicist; measure of existence, self-location probability in MWI; SEP entry author
  • mark-bedau — Reed College philosopher; weak emergence — macrostates generated by microdynamics but obtainable only by simulation; artificial life
  • max-hodak — Neuralink co-founder (left 2021); founder/CEO of Science Corp.; disease-first BCI thesis; PRIMA’s champion
  • michael-polanyi — Physicist-philosopher; Life’s Irreducible Structure (1968) — organization as higher-level boundary conditions on physical law; tacit knowledge
  • mindtrix — Chinese (Suzhou/Beijing) cortical visual prosthesis company; ECoG 128-ch array + 256-ch stimulator; RMB 500M (~US$70M) raised; human IITs (shape/colour/Chinese character); blind-patient IIT 2026
  • nano-retina — Israeli retinal implant developer (Herzliya; 2009–2024, dissolved); NR600 “bionic retina” reached first-in-human; assignee of US9370417B2 (foveated)
  • nanochap — Chinese retinal visual BCI company (320-ch, Legend Capital)
  • neuralink — Musk’s BCI company (N1 motor, Blindsight cortical vision); the “full brain interface” counterfactual to Science Corp.
  • noam-chomsky — Father of modern linguistics; universal grammar, generative grammar, Chomsky hierarchy; cognitive science founder
  • p-w-anderson — Nobel condensed-matter physicist; “More Is Different” (1972) — the canonical scientific case for hierarchical emergence
  • paradromics — US high-data-rate intracortical BCI company (Connexus: wireless, fully implantable, 1,600-ch platform/421-ch FIH device); first-in-human June 2025 at U-M Health; CEO Matt Angle
  • paul-humphreys — Virginia philosopher of science; fusion theory — component causal powers transformed within emergent organization (2016)
  • phosphoenix — Dutch (EU) spin-off of NIN (Roelfsema/Xing Chen); LGN-targeting cortical visual prosthesis; 1024-ch monkey proof (Science 2020)
  • pieter-roelfsema — NIN director; author of 1024-channel macaque cortical vision breakthrough (Science 2020); co-founder of Phosphoenix
  • pitham-vision — Patent-family assignee (European filings 2019–2020) for wearable light-projector systems targeting photosensitive (“corrected”) retinas; CN113677257A/US20220192885A1 family
  • pixium-vision — French (EU) company 2011–2024; invented PRIMA subretinal photovoltaic implant; liquidated, assets to Science Corp.
  • project-aria — Meta’s egocentric machine-perception research program: Aria Gen 1 (2020) and Aria Gen 2 (2025) glasses; 200+ partners; Aria Research Kit
  • raytrx — U.S. IP company whose AR vision-correction family is licensed to Ocutrx Vision Technologies (OcuLenz headset, advanced AMD/low vision); assignee of US11461936B2/US12413698B2
  • revision-implant — Belgian (EU) cortical visual prosthesis company; “Occular” >1,000-electrode deep V1 arrays; FIH Q3 2026
  • richard-swinburne — Contemporary philosopher; most prominent Bayesian apologist, claimed 97% probability of resurrection
  • sakana-ai — Tokyo AI lab (David Ha, Llion Jones); evolutionary + foundation models; creator of The AI Scientist series
  • samuel-alexander — Space, Time, and Deity (1920); emergent “new qualities” accepted with “natural piety” — classical emergentism’s metaphysical system
  • science-corp — Science Corporation: PRIMA retinal BCI; first CE-marked BCI for form vision; EU launch July 2026; $489M raised
  • sean-carroll — Theoretical physicist (Johns Hopkins); quantum foundations and many-worlds advocate; naturalist critic of the fine-tuning argument
  • theophrastus — Greek naturalist; Aristotle’s colleague, co-founder of biology (botany); plant classification, animal behaviour, principle of multiple explanations
  • timothy-o-connor — Indiana metaphysician; defense of strong emergence with downward causation (with Hong Yu Wong, 2005)
  • william-seager — Toronto Scarborough philosopher; emergence applied to consciousness — whether qualia need more than scientific emergence
  • wojciech-zurek — Polish-American physicist; einselection, Quantum Darwinism, envariance derivation of Born rule
  • wolfgang-kohler — German Gestalt psychologist; discovered the Bouba/Kiki sound-symbolism effect (1929)
  • xing-chen — Phosphoenix co-founder; Asst. Prof. Ophthalmology, Univ. Pittsburgh; Science 2020 shape perception; NIH New Innovator 2024

Concepts

Philosophy & Methodology

  • agrippas-trilemma — Only three ways to complete any proof (circular, infinite regress, dogmatic); the Münchhausen trilemma on justification
  • bayesian-apologetics — Application of Bayes’ Theorem to argue for supernatural/theological claims; heavily criticized across disciplines
  • chinese-room-argument — Searle’s thought experiment: symbol manipulation alone cannot produce understanding; challenges Strong AI and functionalism
  • dwindling-probabilities — Plantinga’s principle: multiplying probabilities across chained hypotheses makes high posteriors nearly impossible
  • emergence — Dependence without reduction: weak/strong emergence, non-aggregativity, Kim’s causal exclusion and the interventionist response; organizational emergent materialism
  • fine-tuning-argument — The cosmological design argument from the life-permitting “fine-tuning” of constants and initial conditions; supporting case plus critical arguments (Carroll’s Within Reason critique; the measure problem; Fred Adams’s “not-so-fine-tuning” empirical reassessment)
  • humes-argument-against-miracles — Human testimony always less probable than the suspension of natural law
  • kripke-semantics — Possible worlds semantics; accessibility relation connecting modal axioms to frame conditions
  • linguistic-relativity — Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: language structures influence worldview and cognition; weak version empirically supported
  • many-worlds-interpretation — Quantum interpretation with no collapse; all outcomes realized in parallel worlds (Everett 1957)
  • modal-logic — Family of logics for necessity, possibility, obligation, time, knowledge; built on K with axiom additions corresponding to frame conditions
  • molyneuxs-problem — Classic 300-year question: can a newly-sighted person visually identify shapes known only by touch?
  • ontological-arguments — Arguments for God’s existence from reason alone (Anselm, Descartes, Leibniz, Plantinga); modal version uses S5
  • piraha-language — Amazonian language with extreme structural simplicity; controversially claimed to lack recursion
  • possibilism-actualism — Ontological debate: are there merely possible objects, or is everything actual?; central to the metaphysics of modality
  • psychophysical-harmony — Bayesian argument for theism from the lucky alignment of conscious experience with physical function; multi-angle critical analysis
  • reformed-epistemology — View that belief in God can be rational without empirical/mathematical proof
  • s5-modal-logic — Strongest standard modal system; equivalence-relation frames; any operator string collapses to the last member
  • subjectivity-of-priors — Garbage in, garbage out: Bayesian priors for supernatural hypotheses are inherently speculative
  • turing-test — Turing’s behavioral criterion for machine intelligence; imitation game, objections, alternatives, and the Chinese Room challenge
  • universal-grammar — Chomsky’s theory of innate linguistic constraints; recursion as the core computational operation
  • what-is-intelligence-book — Agüera y Arcas (2025): prediction = intelligence; functionalist framework spanning AI, evolution, and minds
  • ai-scientist — Autonomous AI research agents: The AI Scientist, AI Scientist-v2, Co-Scientist, OmniScientist, evaluations, and agent-skills ecosystem
  • deepevidence — Biomedical deep research agent (Wang et al. 2026); multi-agent BFRS/DFRS exploration across 17 knowledge sources with evidence graph memory
  • omniscientist — Omni-modal omni-discipline AI scientist (Li et al. 2026); raw evidence → finished paper across 20+ disciplines with perception-driven lifecycle

Neuroscience & Ophthalmology

  • aace-biomarker-protocol — Eye-tracking + EEG experimental protocol for pre-symptomatic AACE biomarker identification
  • abcd-study — Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development; large longitudinal US study of brain and cognitive development
  • active-inference — Theory of adaptive action selection as Bayesian inference; isomorphic to RL but with a focus on uncertainty and exploration; critique by Beren Millidge (2024)
  • acute-acquired-concomitant-esotropia — Sudden-onset concomitant esotropia; rising incidence strongly linked to digital device overuse
  • affective-bias-test — Gold-standard non-verbal assay for how depression alters learning and memory; translationally validated across rodents and children
  • arnold-chiari-malformation — Congenital hindbrain herniation with myelomeningocele; clinical profile in adults
  • botulinum-toxin-for-strabismus — Minimally invasive BoNT-A injection as alternative to strabismus surgery for AACE
  • bouba-kiki-effect — Non-arbitrary mapping of speech sounds to visual shapes; discovered by Köhler (1929), replicated globally
  • burian-miller-classification — Classical three-subtype taxonomy for AACE (Swan, Burian–Franceschetti, Bielschowsky)
  • cambridge-gambling-task — CANTAB test of decision-making under risk; impaired in depression
  • cognitive-judgement-bias — Non-verbal “pessimism” task testing how mood alters interpretation of ambiguous stimuli
  • covariant-receptive-fields — Provably covariant spatio-temporal receptive fields for SNNs; affine Gaussian kernels + LIF dynamics for event-based vision (Pedersen, Conradt & Lindeberg 2025)
  • delayed-match-to-sample — Touchscreen visual working memory task; delay-dependent deficits flag depression
  • delayed-response-tasks-working-memory — Delayed response / DMTS–DNMTS tasks for working memory in monkeys and humans; comparative methodology
  • digital-device-associated-aace — Smartphone-associated AACE phenotype distinct from classical subtypes
  • digital-therapeutics-for-vergence — VR-based, eye-tracking-guided binocular therapy for vergence disorders
  • emotion-recognition-task — CANTAB test of facial emotion identification; captures negative bias in depression
  • eye-tracking-biomarker-neurodegeneration — Eye-movement metrics as prognostic, diagnostic, and monitoring tools in MS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, ALS, and other dementias
  • intradimensional-extradimensional-shift — Cognitive flexibility task; perseveration marks frontostriatal dysfunction in depression
  • macaque-target-validation — ~35 FDA-approved drugs with macaque evidence ranked Tier A/B/C (direct efficacy → target PD → PK/safety only); gold standards incl. nemolizumab, denosumab, romosozumab, VEGF class, Animal Rule; NHP translational-value argument
  • natural-scenes-dataset — Human 7T fMRI dataset (Allen et al. 2022) of visual responses to natural scenes; foundational benchmark for encoding models and cross-species comparison
  • nonverbal-cognitive-tasks — Hub page: four translationally validated non-verbal assays for depression-like states
  • one-touch-stockings-cambridge — CANTAB test of spatial planning and executive function; based on Tower of Hanoi
  • parametric-ied-stimulus-design — Parametric stimulus families and generator architecture for CANTAB-faithful IED tasks
  • preclinical-drug-screening — Experimental architecture for screening antidepressants using cognitive-affective biomarkers
  • prism-therapy — Base-out prisms for diplopia relief, fusion stabilization, and pre-surgical planning in AACE
  • rapid-visual-information-processing — CANTAB test of sustained attention; deficient in depression
  • spatial-working-memory — CANTAB self-ordered search task; measures working memory errors and strategy (4-6 min)
  • spiking-neural-networks — Brain-inspired neural computation using discrete spike events; training strategies (surrogate gradient, ANN-to-SNN conversion, STDP) and neuromorphic applications
  • syringomyelia — Fluid-filled spinal cord cavity; major complication of Chiari II (40–80% of adults)
  • triple-n-dataset — Large-scale fMRI-guided Neuropixels recordings of macaque visual cortex responses to natural scenes; extends NSD to nonhuman primates
  • two-armed-bandit-task — Classic RL two-armed bandit paradigm; gamified versions with learning-rate/learning-noise microstructure correlates (Vejlø 2026; Tyrer 2025)
  • analog-cognition-consciousness — Hybrid synapse/wave theory: brain waves as analog computers organizing cognition and consciousness (Miller, Brincat & Roy 2026)
  • ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves — Direct electrical neuron interactions via extracellular fields; frequency-band functional roles; mechanism in analog cognition theory
  • vergence-control — Neural systems governing convergence/divergence; implicated in AACE pathophysiology
  • vision-therapy — Orthoptic rehabilitation: divergence training, fusional exercises, stereopsis recovery

Biology

  • endosymbiosis-organelle-evolution — Endosymbiosis-to-organelle transitions; mitochondria, chloroplasts, nitroplast, Paulinella chromatophore, diatom diazoplasts
  • nitroplast — First nitrogen-fixing organelle in a eukaryote; UCYN-A lineage inside B. bigelowii (Coale et al., Science 2024)

Brain-Computer Interfaces & Neuroprosthetics

  • brain-computer-interface — BCI category hub: taxonomy, invasiveness levels, retina-as-wedge thesis, status snapshot (Aug 2026)
  • implantable-bci-ethics — Ethical framework for implanted BCI studies (Miller et al., Nat Neurosci 2026): research vs care, long-term participant support, risk–benefit justice, meaningful clinical purpose
  • brain-interface — Cortical/cerebral BCI subcategory: design families, table of Neuralink/Synchron/Blackrock/Precision/Paradromics/Cortigent, cortical visual prostheses
  • cortical-visual-prosthesis — Cortex subcategory: phosphene mechanism, Chen et al. 2020 (1024 ch), Orion 6-yr results, EU ecosystem, design families
  • retinal-prosthesis — Retinal BCI subcategory: subretinal/epiretinal/suprachoroidal, PRIMA’s form-vision breakthrough, clinical evidence and regulatory timeline; commercial market estimates (USD 420M → 972M, 2026–2035); tellurium nanowire nanoprosthesis (pre-clinical, visible–NIR-II)
  • visual-prosthesis — Combined retina + cortex umbrella: comparison table, shared architecture, retina-first vs cortex-universal debate, 2026 timeline

Technology & Wearables

  • smart-glasses — Wearable computing + HUD eyewear: 1935 SF origin, Sutherland’s 1968 Sword of Damocles, Azuma’s 1990s AR criteria, Google Glass era failure, 2020s AI revival; AR/3D tracking; Project Aria
  • augmented-vision — Display/projection technologies for smart glasses: combiner taxonomy (freeform prism, birdbath, diffractive & geometric waveguides, holographic combiners, retinal projection), light engines (LCoS, microLED, laser beam scanning, OLED, DMD patterned stimulation), adaptive optics (Even HAO, tunable lenses); Meta Ray-Ban Display & Orion, Even G2, Magic Leap, Xreal, Apple patents

Intellectual Property

  • chinese-patent-system — CNIPA patent system: invention/utility model/design classes, Art. 22/23/25 criteria, examination, terms, fees, 2020 law + 2023 regulations + 2025 guidelines (AI rules)
  • chinese-patent-application-writing — How to draft: document sets per class, A4/formats, specification structure, two-part claims, abstract ≤300 chars, design brief description; BCI/AR example filings
  • visual-prosthesis-patents — Curated one-paragraph-per-patent summaries for visual prostheses (28 entries): Pitham Vision CN113677257A/US20220192885A1 projector system, CN113613712A optics, CN113631079A/B PWM method; SJTU CN102813574B eye-tracking camera; Evergaze/eSight CN106233328B eyewear; Twenty Twenty CN113785235A IOMD headset; Novasight/IVS CN113325608A/B optical treatment; Mindtrix CN121944384A RL cortical control; Second Sight/Cortigent US9050468B2 field-of-view matching; Doorish US5865839A early artificial retina; Raytrx US11461936B2/US12413698B2 AR vision correction; Nano Retina US9370417B2 foveated implant; Cellico US11520154B2 glasses + implant system; adjacent: HMD calibration CN118090164B (Yongjiang Laboratory), eye-rotation rendering EP3741109B1 (Magic Leap), ocular electrotherapy US12589243B2 (i-Lumen Scientific), direct retinal projector US11157072B1 + continuation US12093446B1 (Apple); Meta display cluster: foveated display US11294184B2/EP4088155B1 + companions (US11448803B1, US11668932B2), VR micromirror projection WO2023219925A1 (ceased); PRIMA glasses/chip line (Pixium→Science Corp): DMD projector US12061332, light-trapping pixels US12201827, shunt-resistor pixel US10980997, next-gen projector US20250249280

Comparisons

  • cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies — Schema of cortical visual prosthesis organizations (Phosphoenix, ReVision, Neuralink Blindsight, Cortigent Orion, Mindtrix, Monash Gennaris): device, channels, status, funding
  • reasoning-methods — Simplified comparison of deductive, inductive, abductive, and other reasoning methods (SEP Abduction + Philosophy A Level)
  • retinal-prosthesis-companies — Schema of current major companies (Science Corp/PRIMA, Pixium, Cortigent, BVT, Retina Implant AG, Nano Retina, Axorus…): device, channels, status, regulatory + Okuvision OkuStim TES therapy (non-implant)

Queries

Graph View

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