Wiki Log

Chronological record of all wiki actions. Append-only. Format: ## [YYYY-MM-DD] action | subject Actions: ingest, update, query, lint, create, archive, delete When this file exceeds 500 entries, rotate it.

[2026-08-20] ingest | Analog Cognition and Consciousness — Miller, Brincat & Roy (2026)

Source: J Neurosci 46(33), e0711262026 — Review article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0711-26.2026 (DOI not yet propagated to doi.org; found via jneurosci.org site search)
Source saved: raw/papers/miller-2026-analog-cognition-consciousness.md
Updated SCHEMA.md: added tags (consciousness, philosophy-of-mind, brain-waves, ephaptic-coupling, analog-computation, spatial-computing)
New concept: concepts/analog-cognition-consciousness.md (hybrid synapse/wave theory; mixed selectivity; spatial computing; ephaptic coupling; traveling waves; analog computation; anesthesia; relation to GW/GNWT/IIT/HOT/predictive coding)
New concept: concepts/ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves.md (mechanism, evidence, frequency-band roles, advantages over spike-based signaling)
Updated: index.md (81 pages total), SCHEMA.md (tag taxonomy), log.md

[2026-08-22] ingest | Reasoning Methods comparison (SEP Abduction + Philosophy A Level)

Source saved: raw/articles/sep-abduction.md (SEP “Abduction”, Douven 2025; full text; sha256 b6c215c4778c4f9c)
Source saved: raw/articles/philosophyalevel-reasoning-methods-2023.md (Feest 2023; sha256 37f935fdf539cecb)
New comparison: comparisons/reasoning-methods.md — simplified side-by-side of deductive/inductive/abductive + analogy, statistics, Bayesian confirmation; ABD1-ABD3; bad-lot problem; van Fraassen’s objections; Boyd/Psillos defense; Lipton/Weisberg on Bayes; Ockham’s razor
Updated: index.md (added Comparisons section entry; Total pages 81 → 80 after recount vs disk), backlinks added to concepts/agrippas-trilemma.md and concepts/bayesian-apologetics.md
⚠ Flagged: index.md lists analog-cognition-consciousness and ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves, and log 2026-08-20 records them as created, but files are missing on disk (never written — session reset). Raw source raw/papers/miller-2026-analog-cognition-consciousness.md is also absent. Regeneration needed.

[2026-08-25] ingest | Psychophysical Harmony Argument for Theism (Cutter & Crummett)

Sources: Cutter & Crummett “Psychophysical Harmony: A New Argument for Theism” (PhilArchive); Lance Bush “There is no such thing as psychophysical harmony” (Lance Independent, 2023); Google AI Mode research notes (user-provided)
URLs: https://philarchive.org/archive/CUTPHA , https://www.lanceindependent.com/p/there-is-no-such-thing-as-psychophysical
Source saved: raw/articles/cutter-crummett-psychophysical-harmony.md, raw/articles/bush-2023-type-a-physicalism-pph.md, raw/articles/google-ai-mode-pph-critique.md
New concept: concepts/psychophysical-harmony.md (normative + semantic harmony; Bayesian likelihood comparison; robustness under dualism/physicalism/idealism/Russellian monism; multiverse immunity; five-angle critical analysis: evolutionary, Bayesian, type-A physicalism (Bush), constitutive identity/functionalism, meta-level/sceptical; contested:true, confidence:medium)
Updated: concepts/what-is-intelligence-book.md (See Also), concepts/s5-modal-logic.md (See Also), concepts/agrippas-trilemma.md (See Also)
Updated: index.md (81 pages on disk; header corrected to match disk count), log.md

[2026-08-26] update | Stack Exchange critiques of Psychophysical Harmony

Source saved: raw/articles/stackexchange-pph-answers-2024.md (question page capturing answers 1 and 7; sha256 5b219a261b57b228180443b4296e4977b3800a4909568de0b945a8cb62a0288e)
Updated: concepts/psychophysical-harmony.md (NotThatGuy: reductive physicalism, evolutionary selection, hypothesis-space/mixture-weight objection, and underdetermination; variableization: biological variation, congenital insensitivity to pain, synesthesia, and limits of the law-level inference)
Added References links to both answer permalinks and to MedlinePlus Genetics and van Leeuwen et al. (2015)

[2026-08-30] create | BCI category: Brain Interface + Retinal Prosthesis (extensive research)

Scope: new wiki domain — brain-computer interfaces / neuroprosthetics / vision restoration, with two subcategories (brain interface 🧠, retinal prosthesis) per user request; company schema for retinal prostheses including PRIMA (EU origin) and Science Corp./Max Hodak.
Raw sources saved (bodies hashed): raw/articles/science-corp-prima-nejm-2025.md (Science Corp NEJM results PR, 2025-10-20); raw/articles/science-corp-pixium-acquisition-2024.md (Hodak acquisition letter, 2024-04-25); raw/articles/science-corp-prima-ce-mark-2026.md (CE mark/EU launch PR, 2026-07-22); raw/articles/brightfocus-prima-2026.md (third-party overview, Jul 2026); raw/papers/holz-2026-prima-subretinal-photovoltaic.md (NEJM 2026;394:232-242 metadata); raw/papers/retinal-prosthesis-review-2025.md (PMC12994432 excerpt incl. BVT/Nidek table)
SCHEMA.md: Domain line extended with BCI/neuroprosthetics; Technology taxonomy tags added: bci, brain-computer-interface, neural-interface, neuroprosthesis, retinal-prosthesis, implant, bioelectronics, vision-restoration, regulatory, clinical-trial, gene-therapy
New concept hub: concepts/brain-computer-interface.md (taxonomy, classification, retina-as-wedge thesis, status snapshot Aug 2026)
New concept subcategory: concepts/brain-interface.md (cortical BCIs: Neuralink/Synchron/Blackrock/Precision/Paradromics/Cortigent/Stairway; Blindsight/Orion/Gennaris)
New concept subcategory: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md (mechanism, indications/patient numbers, PRIMA/Argus II/Alpha AMS/BVT evidence, regulatory timeline)
New comparison: comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md (company schema table: Science Corp, Pixium, Cortigent/Second Sight, BVT, Retina Implant AG, Nano Retina, MVG, Neuralink, Nidek; dimensions; verdict; market $52.1 M \to$ 84.1M 2024-2030)
New entities: entities/science-corp.md, entities/pixium-vision.md, entities/max-hodak.md, entities/neuralink.md
Updated: index.md (Total pages 81 → 89; new Concepts subsection “Brain-Computer Interfaces & Neuroprosthetics”; 4 entities; 1 comparison), log.md
Notes: Nano Retina “CE mark Q2 2024” claim is contested vs trial termination end-2023 (confidence low, flagged in comparison page); Neurorlink Blindsight human results unverified beyond FDA Breakthrough designation.

[2026-08-30] create | Visual prosthetics expansion: cortical visual prostheses (research follow-up)

Context: user asked to restructure/extend BCI category with an article for visual prosthetics BMI, covering cortex-visual companies incl. Pieter Roelfsema’s EU company (verified: Phosphoenix, NOT “Corthantis” — a name that does not resolve; blocked by checking site/DNS/bionic-vision.org) and Neuralink Blindsight.
Raw sources saved (hashed): raw/articles/phosphoenix-presseed-2022.md (pre-seed, founders, 40M blind); raw/articles/vivani-cortigent-orion-nans-2026.md (6-yr EFS results); raw/articles/eu-horizon-restoring-sight-2023.md (Gomez 96-ch, NeuraViPeR, HyperStim, 1k-2k electrode estimate); raw/articles/revision-implant-e4m-2026.md (€4M, FDA Breakthrough, FIH Q3 2026); raw/articles/bionic-vision-spotlight-ceyssens-2025.md (Occular interview); raw/papers/chen-2020-shape-perception.md (Science 370(6521):1191-1196; 1024-channel macaque)
SCHEMA.md: added tags cortical-prosthesis, visual-cortex
New combined overview: concepts/visual-prosthesis.md (retina + cortex umbrella; comparison table; shared architecture; retina-first vs cortex-universal debate; 2026 timeline)
New concept: concepts/cortical-visual-prosthesis.md (phosphene mechanism; V1 surface vs deep intracortical vs LGN; landmark evidence: Chen 2020, Gomez 2021/UMH, Orion 6-yr EFS; EU ecosystem NeuraViPeR/HyperStim; open questions)
New comparison: comparisons/cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies.md (schema: Phosphoenix/NL, ReVision/BE, Neuralink Blindsight, Cortigent Orion, Monash Gennaris, academic landmarks; dimensions; verdict)
New entities: entities/phosphoenix.md (founded 2019, Xing Chen/Bert Monna, Fountain Probe, LGN pivot), entities/pieter-roelfsema.md (NIN director; Science 2020; NeuroTech-NL), entities/revision-implant.md (Occular >1,000 electrodes, Q3 2026 FIH), entities/cortigent.md (Orion 60 electrodes, 6-yr EFS NANS 2026, Argus II legacy) |- Cross-linked: brain-interface.md (cortex bridge section + Phosphoenix/ReVision), brain-computer-interface.md (visual-prosthesis row), retinal-prosthesis.md (Related), retinal-prosthesis-companies.md (cortical alternative note) |- Updated: index.md (Total pages 89 → 96; +7 pages), log.md

[2026-08-30] ingest | PatSnap Retinal Prosthesis Patent Landscape 2026

|- Source: https://www.patsnap.com/resources/blog/articles/retinal-prosthesis-patent-landscape-2026/ (AI-generated patent landscape, PatSnap Eureka; page gated by reCAPTCHA but content accessible via cached extraction) |- Raw source saved: raw/articles/patsnap-retinal-prosthesis-patent-landscape-2026.md (sha256: 14a1dd181ae549b01721c75b6893989f5a610152b79d2188ab7e7dea9f007a26) |- SCHEMA.md: added tag patent to Technology taxonomy |- Updated: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md — added “Resolution limits and the patent landscape (2026)” section with 3-modality table (electronic/photovoltaic/cell-based), acuity benchmarks (20/1400 / 20/460 / 20/100 target), five emerging patent directions (optical field confinement, PLGA scaffold RPE, AI OCT monitoring, bidirectional spectroscopy, gene therapy convergence), IP geography white-space analysis; updated tags + sources frontmatter; updated References |- Updated: entities/pixium-vision.md — added “Patent relevance” section linking PRIMA to Stanford CN 2023 patent; updated tags + sources frontmatter |- Note: source is an AI-generated commercial patent analysis (PatSnap Eureka), not primary literature — confidence tags preserved at high for factual claims that corroborate existing content (acuity figures match PRIMAvera data); treat emerging-direction claims as intelligence-signal rather than peer-reviewed evidence

[2026-08-30] update | Pieter Roelfsema — ORCID added

|- Source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-0034 |- Page: entities/pieter-roelfsema.md — ORCID link added to References |- Verified via orcid.org record, VU Amsterdam research portal, Wiley Adv Healthc Mater 2024 author listing

[2026-08-30] new entity | Xing Chen — Phosphoenix co-founder, Chen Lab Pitt

|- Source: https://www.ophthalmology.pitt.edu/people/xing-chen-phd |- Raw: raw/articles/xing-chen-pitt-profile-2026.md |- Pages: entities/xing-chen.md (new), entities/phosphoenix.md (Founders + Related sections updated), index.md (97→98; Xing Chen entry added)

[2026-08-30] update | Phosphoenix — LGN pivot, SIGHTED grant, human LGN recordings, NEUmap

|- Sources: |- https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101212687 (EIC SIGHTED grant, 2024) |- https://neurotech-nl.com/project/positioned/ (Health-Holland POSITIONED project) |- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-65383-x (Self et al. Nat Commun 2025, first human LGN recordings) |- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25004218 (Lozano et al. Brain Stimulation 2026, NEUmap) |- https://www.bionic-vision.org/implants/fountain-probe (Fountain Probe profile 2025) |- https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/11130978 (NIH VA grant Fried 2023–2027) |- Raw sources written: phosphoenix-sighted-cordis-2024.md, phosphoenix-positioned-nnl-2024.md, self-2025-human-lgn-recording.md, lozano-2026-neumap-phosphene-mapping.md |- Pages modified: entities/phosphoenix.md (full rewrite, 11k chars), comparisons/cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies.md (Phosphoenix row updated), SCHEMA.md (LGN, thalamus, eu-grant, funding tags added) |- No new pages; no index change.

[2026-08-30] update | ReVision Implant — FDA Breakthrough Device designation detail

|- Source: https://med-techinsights.com/2026/03/09/fda-grants-breakthrough-device-designation-to-revision-implant-visual-cortex-prosthesis/ Johnson O. Med-Tech Insights. March 9, 2026. Raw source: raw/articles/revision-implant-fda-breakthrough-2026.md |- NEW FACTS added vs prior entity page:

BDD award date pinned to March 2026 (was just “awarded” without date)
FDA TAP Pilot access confirmed (new detail)
First intra-op clinical test: October 2026 (epilepsy resection, TTK Budapest)
Blind-volunteer trial target: summer 2027 (subject to regulatory approval)
2 years long-term animal studies completed
Target population: ~650,000 in US+EU combined (company estimate) |- Updated: entities/revision-implant.md — Key facts section expanded; References updated; sources frontmatter updated |- Updated: comparisons/cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies.md — ReVision row updated with BDD date, timelines, population estimate

[2026-08-30] ingest | Moon et al. 2024 — Retinal Physician overview; new company rows

|- Source: https://www.retinalphysician.com/issues/2024/may/overview-of-retinal-prosthesis-and-future-directions/ Moon JY, Sather RN, Montezuma SR. Retinal Physician May 2024;21:9-11. Review article. Raw source saved: raw/articles/retinal-physician-prosthesis-overview-2024.md |- Images downloaded: assets/images/retinal-physician-2024/ (3 files: fig1-imie256-fundus.png 316K, fig2-argus-ii.jpg 46K, fig3-prima-fundus-oct.jpg 66K) |- Updated: comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md

Table restructured into 4 anatomical sections: Subretinal, Epiretinal, Suprachoroidal, Optic Disc
NEW ROWS ADDED:
- Epiretinal: IMIE 256 (Golden Eye Bionic/IntelliMicro, 256 ch, 5 patients, clinical)
- Epiretinal: EPI-RET 3 (RWTH Aachen, 25 ch, historical, fully intraocular)
- Epiretinal: Polyretina (Ghezzi lab EPFL/USI, foldable photovoltaic, preclinical)
- Subretinal: HARP4k (Iridium Medical Technology, Taiwan, preclinical)
- Subretinal: Boston Retinal Implant Project (256+ ch, Bionic Eye Tech + Visus, preclinical)
- Suprachoroidal: Phoenix99 (Bionics Institute/U. Sydney, 98 ch, bovine in vivo, preclinical)
- Optic Disc: AV-DONE (Osaka U. Medical School Sakaguchi/Nishida group, 2 patients total, unique placement)
FIXED: “Nidek (STS)” attribution corrected to “Osaka University (Fujikado group)” — Nidek is a different company
FIXED: Nano Retina description corrected (NIR-powered penetrating epiretinal, not purely subretinal)
Dimensions section updated with channel-count proxy table; Verdict updated; References updated |- Updated: comparisons/cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies.md
NEW ROWS: Biomedical Technologies SL (Spain, NCT02983370) and ICVP (IIT/Chicago Lighthouse, Phase 1) both previously only mentioned in “Academic landmarks” catch-all
Sources frontmatter updated |- No new concept pages or entity pages created; no SCHEMA or index count changes

[2026-08-30] ingest | Holz et al. 2026 — PRIMAvera PRIMA Clinical Trial (NEJM)

|- Sources: (1) https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2501396 (NEJM, paywalled abstract only); (2) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7618305/ (PMC open-access full text, CC BY 4.0) |- Citation: Holz FG, Le Mer Y, Muqit MMK, et al. Vision Restoration with the PRIMA System in Geographic Atrophy Due to AMD. N Engl J Med. 2026;394:232–242. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2501396. PMID: 41124203. PMCID: PMC7618305. |- Raw paper upgraded: raw/papers/holz-2026-prima-subretinal-photovoltaic.md — previously a stub (metadata + abstract only); replaced with full-content extraction from PMC (study design, device specs, efficacy table, full SAE table, discussion highlights, upgrade pathway reference to Bhuckory 2025) |- Updated: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md — “Landmark clinical evidence” section expanded to full PRIMAvera subsection with design, device specs, efficacy/safety tables, device comparison table (Argus II / Alpha AMS / BVT / PRIMA), longevity and upgrade pathway notes; References entry upgraded with full citation + PMC link |- Updated: entities/science-corp.md — PRIMA trial results expanded with full quantitative breakdown (primary endpoint CI, post-hoc ≥0.3 logMAR, prosthetic VA at pixel limit, participant’s choice, SAE summary, DSMB conclusion); Bhuckory upgrade pathway added; frontmatter sources list updated; References section updated |- No new pages created; no index or SCHEMA changes needed |- Note: full-text sourced from PMC open-access author manuscript (EMSID: EMS207931); identical in substance to published NEJM version; COI: funded by Science Corporation and Moorfields NIHR BRC; all lead authors are academic clinicians; data analysis by Science Corp.; co-senior Palanker (Stanford, PRIMA inventor) and Sahel vouch for data accuracy

[2026-08-30] ingest | Leong et al. 2026 — Flexible Photoacoustic Retinal Prosthesis (Nat Commun)

|- Sources: (1) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-67518-6 (primary paper, open access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0); (2) https://www.bu.edu/articles/2026/retinal-prosthesis-age-related-macular-degeneration/ (BU press release, April 14 2026) |- Raw sources saved: raw/papers/leong-2026-photoacoustic-retinal-prosthesis.md (sha256: 14a1dd181ae549b01721c75b6893989f5a610152b79d2188ab7e7dea9f007a26); raw/articles/bu-photoacoustic-retinal-prosthesis-2026.md (sha256: 14a1dd181ae549b01721c75b6893989f5a610152b79d2188ab7e7dea9f007a26) |- SCHEMA.md: added tag photoacoustic to Technology taxonomy |- New entity: entities/axorus.md — French start-up (BU spin-out, Yang/Cheng/Moulet/Losasco), photoacoustic retinal prosthesis, contact-lens form factor, pre-clinical 2026, COI noted |- Updated: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md — new “Photoacoustic retinal prosthesis (emerging modality)” section (mechanism, performance table, comparison with PRIMA, mechanosensitivity circuit, commercial translation); updated tags, sources, References |- Updated: comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md — Axorus row added to company schema; updated tags and sources |- Updated: index.md (Total pages 96 → 97; Axorus entity added alphabetically) |- Note: COI disclosed in paper (Axorus stakeholders co-authored); confidence on entity page set to medium accordingly; technical results (ex vivo RGC, in vivo SC, biosafety) are peer-reviewed and grounded

[2026-08-31] ingest | Paradromics Connexus first-in-human press release (Jun 2, 2025)

Source (primary): https://paradromics.com/news/paradromics-completes-first-in-human-recording-with-the-connexus-brain-computer-interface/
Source (secondary, same event): https://bme.umich.edu/2025/06/20/u-m-multidisciplinary-team-leads-first-in-human-recording-with-wireless-brain-computer-interface/
Raw sources written (sha256-hashed): raw/articles/paradromics-connexus-first-in-human-2025.md, raw/articles/umich-bme-connexus-first-in-human-2025.md
New entity: entities/paradromics.md — company profile (Connexus BCI, first-in-human at U-M Health, Willsey/Sagher team, <20 min implant/removal, ~3 yrs preclinical, ALS/brainstem stroke/SCI indication, Connect-One trial, $108.6M funding)
Updated: concepts/brain-interface.md (Connexus row wikilinked + “Case study” section with provenance markers, sources/References/Related pages updated, date bumped)
Updated: index.md (Total pages 98 → 99; Paradromics entity entry), log.md
Notes: ⚠ channel-count discrepancy flagged — U-M BME article says penny-sized, 421 microelectrodes (“>4× sensors vs prior tech”); existing wiki figures list 1,600-channel platform (press release gives no count). Confidence: medium on entity page pending verification.

[2026-09-03] ingest | Emergence without magic — non-reductive materialism (pasted ChatGPT essay)

Source: pasted text (user attachment, ChatGPT conversation; no URL). Raw saved: raw/articles/emergence-without-magic-nonreductive-materialism.md (sha256: a68f62f8b52b6bee7c1fd9f26aaf902038effb7c3a374ff66f788de08c304094)
Content: 29-section essay defending “organizational emergent materialism” — dependence without reduction; weak/strong emergence; Kim’s causal exclusion; Woodward’s interventionism; multiple realization; reading program of philosophers
New concept: concepts/emergence.md — central hub: definition, weak/strong distinction, causal exclusion + interventionist response, multiple realization, constructive vs. organizational emergence, five autonomies, God-of-the-gaps response, neuroscience A/B/C propositions, historical lineage, core reading list
New entities (12, expanded per user request): cd-broad, john-stuart-mill, samuel-alexander, jaegwon-kim, jerry-fodor, mark-bedau, p-w-anderson, michael-polanyi, james-woodward, paul-humphreys, jessica-wilson, timothy-o-connor, william-seager (13 total with seager)
Updated: concepts/active-inference.md, concepts/chinese-room-argument.md, entities/john-searle.md, concepts/psychophysical-harmony.md, concepts/what-is-intelligence-book.md — backlinks to emergence added in Relationship/See Also sections; sources + updated dates bumped
Updated: index.md (Total pages 99 → 113; 13 entity entries alphabetical; emergence concept under Philosophy & Methodology)
Affiliations/dates verified via web_search (Humphreys UVA, Wilson UTSC, Seager UTSC, O’Connor Indiana, Bedau Reed, Woodward Pittsburgh/Lakatos 2005, Kim Brown)
Note: analog-cognition-consciousness and ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves remain missing on disk (flagged 2026-08 lint); pages referencing them were written to avoid depending on them
confidence: medium on emergence.md (single-source synthesis; claims trace to SEP + primary literature cited within)

[2026-09-03] ingest | Okuvision OkuStim TES therapy → retinal-prosthesis-companies

Source: https://okuvision.de/en/okuvison-story/ (company story page; fetched via web_extract). Raw saved: raw/articles/okuvision-story-2026.md (sha256: 14a1dd181ae549b01721c75b6893989f5a610152b79d2188ab7e7dea9f007a26)
Updated: comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md — new “Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES — therapy, not a prosthesis)” section with Okuvision row (OkuStim, CE Class IIa 2014, OkuStim 2 approved 2025, RP studies since 2011, glaucoma study BMJ Open 2026); Regulatory/commercial dimension and Verdict updated to reflect that OkuStim is commercial in the EU but is neuroprotective stimulation, not a visual prosthesis; tags + ‘treatment’, sources + okuvision-story-2026.md, updated date bumped, References entry added
Updated: index.md — retinal-prosthesis-companies summary line now mentions OkuStim TES therapy
Key distinction logged: Okuvision (Kusterdingen, DE; founded end-2007 as Retina Implant AG subsidiary, now independent; CEO Alfred Stett; Tübingen co-development) sells non-invasive home TES therapy for RP — no implant, no phosphenes — adjacent to, not part of, the implant schema
No new entity/concept pages (page threshold not met for a single company page; the comparison row carries the detail)

[2026-09-04] ingest | Smart glasses history + Meta Project Aria / Aria Gen 2

Sources: Even Realities “Who Invented Smart Glasses? The Complete History & Why They Failed” (buyers-guide article); Meta AI blog “Inside Aria Gen 2” (2025-06-04); Project Aria homepage (projectaria.com)
Source saved (sha256-hashed): raw/articles/even-realities-who-invented-smart-glasses-2026.md (9cbf7b8b…); raw/articles/meta-aria-gen-2-under-the-hood-2025.md (c4efe12f…); raw/articles/project-aria-homepage-2026.md (d1751283…)
Assets saved: raw/assets/smart-glasses-history-timeline.webp (JPEG 3184x1620 timeline graphic); raw/assets/sword-of-damocles-sutherland-1968.webp (Sutherland 1968 HMD, capsulesight.com; content verified visually)
SCHEMA.md: Technology taxonomy tags added (smart-glasses, augmented-reality, head-mounted-display, machine-perception); Domain line extended with wearable AR/VR technology and machine perception
New concept: concepts/smart-glasses.md — history (1935 Weinbaum SF → 1968 Sutherland Sword of Damocles → 1990s Azuma AR definitions/tracking → 2000s wearable product attempts → Google Glass era → 2020s AI revival, 2026 roadmaps); why early waves failed (privacy stigma, comfort, battery/heat, input, cost) and what changed (AI fit, smaller components, design, camera-free privacy-by-design e.g. Even G2); AR/3D tracking (Azuma criteria; VIO 6DOF, stereo depth, eye/hand tracking); Meta Project Aria / Aria Gen 2 section; both images embedded
New entity: entities/project-aria.md — Meta egocentric machine-perception program (200+ partners, Aria Research Kit, open datasets/tools, arXiv:2308.13561); Aria Gen 1 (2020) baseline; Aria Gen 2 (2025) specs table (74–76 g, 8 sizes, 4 CV cameras, 120 dB HDR, 80° stereo overlap, ALS, contact mic, PPG, Sub-GHz sub-ms sync, on-device MP: VIO 6DOF, eye tracking, 3D hand tracking, ASR on custom coprocessor)
Updated: index.md (Total pages 113 → 115; new Concepts subsection “Technology & Wearables”; project-aria entity entry), log.md
Backlinks: smart-glasses ↔ project-aria; smart-glasses also links digital-device-associated-aace, digital-therapeutics-for-vergence; project-aria links digital-therapeutics-for-vergence

[2026-09-04] ingest | Chinese patent system + how to write a Chinese patent application

Scope: CNIPA patent law (Chinese primary sources) + international sources; class-specific requirements; example BCI/AR patent applications
Raw sources saved (sha256-hashed): raw/articles/cnipa-patent-law-english-translation.md (CNIPA official EN translation, 2020 4th amendment); raw/articles/cnipa-patent-law-2020-chinese.md (CNIPA Chinese law text); raw/articles/cnipa-implementing-regulations-2023-chinese.md (full text, 3rd revision, in force 2024-01-20); raw/articles/cnipa-guidelines-amendment-decision-nov2025.md (Guidelines amendment decision published 2025-11-10: AI/algorithm claims, bit-stream claims, AI-inventor prohibition, inventiveness-contributing-features rule); raw/articles/cnipa-application-documents-2020.md (required documents, A4/margins/fonts, document order); raw/articles/cnipa-fee-standard-announcement-244-2020.md (fee schedule incl. annuities)
New concept: concepts/chinese-patent-system.md — three classes (invention/utility model/design) with definitions (Art. 2), criteria (Art. 22/23), Art. 25 exclusions + BCI/AR implications (diagnosis/treatment, algorithms, ethics examples), examination flow (18-month publication, 3-yr substantive-exam window), terms 20/10/15 + PTA/PTE, fees, legal-instrument timeline (1984 → 2020 law → 2023 Regs → 2025 Guidelines decision)
New concept: concepts/chinese-patent-application-writing.md — per-class document sets (CNIPA official guidance), A4/format rules (25/15 mm margins, 3.5-4.5 mm characters), specification 6-part structure (Regs. Art. 20), claims rules (Regs. Arts. 22-25: two-part independent claim “其特征在于”, dependent-claim rules, one independent claim per category), abstract ≤300 chars + abstract figure 4×6 cm (Regs. Art. 26 + Guidelines), drawings (Regs. Art. 21), design brief description (Regs. Arts. 30-32, partial design, dashed/solid lines), BCI/AR drafting checklist, four example published applications (CN105549743A Tsinghua/CAMS SSVEP BCI robot; CN114698389A Snap Inc BCI calibration; CN116485929A Magic Leap AR; CN101661163A Hefei UT AR HMD — two-part claim exemplar)
SCHEMA.md: Domain line extended with Chinese IP law / patent practice
Updated: index.md (Total pages 115 → 117; new Concepts subsection “Intellectual Property”), log.md
Cross-links: chinese-patent-system ↔ chinese-patent-application-writing; both link brain-computer-interface, retinal-prosthesis-companies / smart-glasses
⚠ Pending: raw/patents/*.pdf — four example patent PDFs (Google Patents) NOT yet downloaded (terminal command blocked pending user consent); full texts accessible via Google Patents URLs and cached web_extract copies

[2026-09-06] ingest | Mindtrix (明视脑机) → cortical visual prosthesis schema

Sources: mindtrix.cn/technology (official technology page, Chinese); Preqin asset profile 750741 (public preview); VCBeat/Embodied Emergence 2026-08-27 (Pre-A round)
Source saved (sha256-hashed): raw/articles/mindtrix-technology-2026.md (f623340e…); raw/articles/mindtrix-preqin-profile-2026.md (728bb5bc…); raw/articles/mindtrix-prea-funding-vcbeat-2026.md (c24128c9…)
New entity: entities/mindtrix.md — Chinese cortical visual prosthesis company (Suzhou industrialisation + Beijing R&D + Shanghai subsidiary; founded Oct 2024; founder Dr. Liu Bing, neurobiology PhD, primate BCI); ECoG-RS 128-ch dual-function (record+stimulate) array + MT-RS16/256 stimulators, wireless closed-loop, V1 pathway; funding Angel RMB 150M + Pre-A RMB 350M (Aug 2026) = RMB 500M (~US$70M) cumulative; investors Casstar Capital, Midas Capital, Seashell Capital; human IITs (numeral “7”, Chinese character 八; company claims China’s first multidimensional human IITs + only human visual-cortex reconstruction database); roadmap: blind-patient IIT 2026, registrational trials 2028, first-gen product 2030; also depression/Parkinson’s applications (Preqin); confidence medium (company/media claims, no peer-reviewed evidence)
Updated: comparisons/cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies.md — Mindtrix row added (device/channels/status/funding); channel-count, evidence-maturity, funding-scale dimensions updated; Verdict flags China’s entry (mindtrix) as currently best-funded dedicated cortical company; sources + references + updated date bumped
Updated: concepts/brain-interface.md — Mindtrix bullet in cortical visual prostheses bridge list; sources/updated bumped
Updated: index.md (Total pages 117 → 118; mindtrix entity entry; comparison summary line), log.md
Note: VCBeat headline “$700M cumulative” contradicts its own body text (RMB 350M + 150M = RMB 500M) — RMB figure used; discrepancy logged on entity page

[2026-09-06] verify | Smart glasses page + Mindtrix schema row — integrity check

Verified on disk: concepts/smart-glasses.md (history: Weinbaum 1935 → Sutherland 1968 Sword of Damocles → Azuma 1990s AR criteria → Google Glass era → 2020s AI revival; AR/3D tracking; Why Early Waves Failed; What Changed; Meta Project Aria / Aria Gen 2 section) and entities/project-aria.md (Gen 1 2020 / Gen 2 2025 spec table, Research Kit, datasets, arXiv:2308.13561)
Assets verified (magic bytes): raw/assets/smart-glasses-history-timeline.webp (real JPEG 3184x1620), raw/assets/sword-of-damocles-sutherland-1968.webp (RIFF WebP) — both embedded via
index
Wiki Index

Content catalog. Every wiki page listed under its type with a one-line summary. Read this first to find relevant pages for any query. Last updated: 2026-09-15 | Total pages: 136

Entities
- alvin-plantinga — Christian epistemologist; formulated the “dwindling probabilities” critique of Bayesian apologetics
- andrej-karpathy — AI researcher and educator (OpenAI, Tesla); creator of micrograd/nanoGPT and the autoresearch project
- aristotle — Greek philosopher and scientist; founder of systematic biology, embryology, and formal logic; four causes, hylomorphism, essentialism
- axorus — French start-up (BU spin-out, Yang/Cheng labs); photoacoustic retinal prosthesis; contact-lens form factor; patents licensed from BU; pre-clinical 2026
- azalea-vision — Belgian healthtech (imec/Ghent University spin-off, 2021); ALMA medical-grade smart contact lens (adaptive optics + liquid crystal + NFC); EIC Accelerator €7.5M (Jul 2026) toward clinical development; tear-biosensing roadmap; not a neural prosthesis
- braarudosphaera-bigelowii — Coastal coccolithophore; first eukaryote known to fix nitrogen, via its nitroplast
- bryce-dewitt — Theoretical physicist; named and popularized the many-worlds interpretation (1970s)
- cantab — Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; standardised touchscreen cognitive assessment platform
- cd-broad — Cambridge philosopher; classical emergentism’s clearest statement — emergent properties determined by parts but not deducible from them in isolation (1925)
- cebsit — CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai; est. 1999 as ION); China’s flagship neuroscience institute; Nature Index 2025 neuroscience #3 (Count 78, Share 17.04); primate brain mapping, China Brain Project, first invasive-BCI trial (curator’s workplace)
- cellico — South Korean startup (2019; Pangyo/Seongnam); EyeCane AR glasses for low vision (CES 2024 innovation awards) + implantable artificial retina development; assignee of US11520154B2
- cortigent — Vivani Medical subsidiary; Orion cortical visual prosthesis (60 electrodes, 6-yr EFS data) + Argus II legacy
- daniel-everett — American linguist; decades of Pirahã fieldwork; sparked the recursion/universal grammar controversy
- david-deutsch — Father of quantum computing; strongest MWI advocate; decision-theoretic Born rule derivation
- david-hume — Scottish Enlightenment philosopher; 1748 essay Of Miracles established the foundational critique of miracle claims
- erwin-schrodinger — Austrian physicist; Schrödinger equation, entanglement, the cat paradox; 1952 MWI precursor
- gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz — German polymath; possible worlds pioneer; modal ontological argument using S5’s ◇□A → □A
- h-dieter-zeh — German physicist; formalized quantum decoherence theory (1970)
- hugh-everett — Originator of the relative state formulation / many-worlds interpretation (1957)
- i-lumen-scientific — US clinical-stage company (Bloomington, MN); i-Lumen AMD System — transpalpebral microcurrent therapy for dry AMD in the i-SIGHT2 pivotal trial (FDA IDE, 2026); assignee of US12589243B2
- intellimicro-medical — Chinese epiretinal prosthesis company (IMIE 256, Caltech/Humayun)
- iridium-medical — Taiwanese subretinal prosthesis company (HARP4k, 4000 pixels)
- jaegwon-kim — Brown metaphysician; the causal exclusion argument — the strongest modern critique of non-reductive physicalism and strong emergence
- james-woodward — Pittsburgh HPS philosopher; interventionist theory of causation (Lakatos Award 2005); dissolves Kim’s causal exclusion problem for higher-level causes
- jerry-fodor — Philosopher of cognitive science; special-sciences autonomy via multiple realization (1974); language of thought, modularity
- jessica-wilson — Toronto metaphysician; weak/strong metaphysical emergence via dependence + autonomy, framed in causal powers
- john-searle — Berkeley philosopher; Chinese Room argument against Strong AI; biological naturalism, speech act theory
- john-stuart-mill — A System of Logic (1843); homopathic vs. heteropathic laws — the origin of the emergence concept
- john-wheeler — American physicist; Everett’s advisor; coined “relative state,” “black hole,” “it from bit”
- lev-vaidman — Israeli physicist; measure of existence, self-location probability in MWI; SEP entry author
- mark-bedau — Reed College philosopher; weak emergence — macrostates generated by microdynamics but obtainable only by simulation; artificial life
- max-hodak — Neuralink co-founder (left 2021); founder/CEO of Science Corp.; disease-first BCI thesis; PRIMA’s champion
- michael-polanyi — Physicist-philosopher; Life’s Irreducible Structure (1968) — organization as higher-level boundary conditions on physical law; tacit knowledge
- mindtrix — Chinese (Suzhou/Beijing) cortical visual prosthesis company; ECoG 128-ch array + 256-ch stimulator; RMB 500M (~US$70M) raised; human IITs (shape/colour/Chinese character); blind-patient IIT 2026
- nano-retina — Israeli retinal implant developer (Herzliya; 2009–2024, dissolved); NR600 “bionic retina” reached first-in-human; assignee of US9370417B2 (foveated)
- nanochap — Chinese retinal visual BCI company (320-ch, Legend Capital)
- neuralink — Musk’s BCI company (N1 motor, Blindsight cortical vision); the “full brain interface” counterfactual to Science Corp.
- noam-chomsky — Father of modern linguistics; universal grammar, generative grammar, Chomsky hierarchy; cognitive science founder
- p-w-anderson — Nobel condensed-matter physicist; “More Is Different” (1972) — the canonical scientific case for hierarchical emergence
- paradromics — US high-data-rate intracortical BCI company (Connexus: wireless, fully implantable, 1,600-ch platform/421-ch FIH device); first-in-human June 2025 at U-M Health; CEO Matt Angle
- paul-humphreys — Virginia philosopher of science; fusion theory — component causal powers transformed within emergent organization (2016)
- phosphoenix — Dutch (EU) spin-off of NIN (Roelfsema/Xing Chen); LGN-targeting cortical visual prosthesis; 1024-ch monkey proof (Science 2020)
- pieter-roelfsema — NIN director; author of 1024-channel macaque cortical vision breakthrough (Science 2020); co-founder of Phosphoenix
- pitham-vision — Patent-family assignee (European filings 2019–2020) for wearable light-projector systems targeting photosensitive (“corrected”) retinas; CN113677257A/US20220192885A1 family
- pixium-vision — French (EU) company 2011–2024; invented PRIMA subretinal photovoltaic implant; liquidated, assets to Science Corp.
- project-aria — Meta’s egocentric machine-perception research program: Aria Gen 1 (2020) and Aria Gen 2 (2025) glasses; 200+ partners; Aria Research Kit
- raytrx — U.S. IP company whose AR vision-correction family is licensed to Ocutrx Vision Technologies (OcuLenz headset, advanced AMD/low vision); assignee of US11461936B2/US12413698B2
- revision-implant — Belgian (EU) cortical visual prosthesis company; “Occular” >1,000-electrode deep V1 arrays; FIH Q3 2026
- richard-swinburne — Contemporary philosopher; most prominent Bayesian apologist, claimed 97% probability of resurrection
- sakana-ai — Tokyo AI lab (David Ha, Llion Jones); evolutionary + foundation models; creator of The AI Scientist series
- samuel-alexander — Space, Time, and Deity (1920); emergent “new qualities” accepted with “natural piety” — classical emergentism’s metaphysical system
- science-corp — Science Corporation: PRIMA retinal BCI; first CE-marked BCI for form vision; EU launch July 2026; $489M raised
- sean-carroll — Theoretical physicist (Johns Hopkins); quantum foundations and many-worlds advocate; naturalist critic of the fine-tuning argument
- theophrastus — Greek naturalist; Aristotle’s colleague, co-founder of biology (botany); plant classification, animal behaviour, principle of multiple explanations
- timothy-o-connor — Indiana metaphysician; defense of strong emergence with downward causation (with Hong Yu Wong, 2005)
- william-seager — Toronto Scarborough philosopher; emergence applied to consciousness — whether qualia need more than scientific emergence
- wojciech-zurek — Polish-American physicist; einselection, Quantum Darwinism, envariance derivation of Born rule
- wolfgang-kohler — German Gestalt psychologist; discovered the Bouba/Kiki sound-symbolism effect (1929)
- xing-chen — Phosphoenix co-founder; Asst. Prof. Ophthalmology, Univ. Pittsburgh; Science 2020 shape perception; NIH New Innovator 2024
Concepts

Philosophy & Methodology
- agrippas-trilemma — Only three ways to complete any proof (circular, infinite regress, dogmatic); the Münchhausen trilemma on justification
- bayesian-apologetics — Application of Bayes’ Theorem to argue for supernatural/theological claims; heavily criticized across disciplines
- chinese-room-argument — Searle’s thought experiment: symbol manipulation alone cannot produce understanding; challenges Strong AI and functionalism
- dwindling-probabilities — Plantinga’s principle: multiplying probabilities across chained hypotheses makes high posteriors nearly impossible
- emergence — Dependence without reduction: weak/strong emergence, non-aggregativity, Kim’s causal exclusion and the interventionist response; organizational emergent materialism
- fine-tuning-argument — The cosmological design argument from the life-permitting “fine-tuning” of constants and initial conditions; supporting case plus critical arguments (Carroll’s Within Reason critique; the measure problem; Fred Adams’s “not-so-fine-tuning” empirical reassessment)
- humes-argument-against-miracles — Human testimony always less probable than the suspension of natural law
- kripke-semantics — Possible worlds semantics; accessibility relation connecting modal axioms to frame conditions
- linguistic-relativity — Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: language structures influence worldview and cognition; weak version empirically supported
- many-worlds-interpretation — Quantum interpretation with no collapse; all outcomes realized in parallel worlds (Everett 1957)
- modal-logic — Family of logics for necessity, possibility, obligation, time, knowledge; built on K with axiom additions corresponding to frame conditions
- molyneuxs-problem — Classic 300-year question: can a newly-sighted person visually identify shapes known only by touch?
- ontological-arguments — Arguments for God’s existence from reason alone (Anselm, Descartes, Leibniz, Plantinga); modal version uses S5
- piraha-language — Amazonian language with extreme structural simplicity; controversially claimed to lack recursion
- possibilism-actualism — Ontological debate: are there merely possible objects, or is everything actual?; central to the metaphysics of modality
- psychophysical-harmony — Bayesian argument for theism from the lucky alignment of conscious experience with physical function; multi-angle critical analysis
- reformed-epistemology — View that belief in God can be rational without empirical/mathematical proof
- s5-modal-logic — Strongest standard modal system; equivalence-relation frames; any operator string collapses to the last member
- subjectivity-of-priors — Garbage in, garbage out: Bayesian priors for supernatural hypotheses are inherently speculative
- turing-test — Turing’s behavioral criterion for machine intelligence; imitation game, objections, alternatives, and the Chinese Room challenge
- universal-grammar — Chomsky’s theory of innate linguistic constraints; recursion as the core computational operation
- what-is-intelligence-book — Agüera y Arcas (2025): prediction = intelligence; functionalist framework spanning AI, evolution, and minds
- ai-scientist — Autonomous AI research agents: The AI Scientist, AI Scientist-v2, Co-Scientist, OmniScientist, evaluations, and agent-skills ecosystem
- deepevidence — Biomedical deep research agent (Wang et al. 2026); multi-agent BFRS/DFRS exploration across 17 knowledge sources with evidence graph memory
- omniscientist — Omni-modal omni-discipline AI scientist (Li et al. 2026); raw evidence → finished paper across 20+ disciplines with perception-driven lifecycle
Neuroscience & Ophthalmology
- aace-biomarker-protocol — Eye-tracking + EEG experimental protocol for pre-symptomatic AACE biomarker identification
- abcd-study — Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development; large longitudinal US study of brain and cognitive development
- active-inference — Theory of adaptive action selection as Bayesian inference; isomorphic to RL but with a focus on uncertainty and exploration; critique by Beren Millidge (2024)
- acute-acquired-concomitant-esotropia — Sudden-onset concomitant esotropia; rising incidence strongly linked to digital device overuse
- affective-bias-test — Gold-standard non-verbal assay for how depression alters learning and memory; translationally validated across rodents and children
- arnold-chiari-malformation — Congenital hindbrain herniation with myelomeningocele; clinical profile in adults
- botulinum-toxin-for-strabismus — Minimally invasive BoNT-A injection as alternative to strabismus surgery for AACE
- bouba-kiki-effect — Non-arbitrary mapping of speech sounds to visual shapes; discovered by Köhler (1929), replicated globally
- burian-miller-classification — Classical three-subtype taxonomy for AACE (Swan, Burian–Franceschetti, Bielschowsky)
- cambridge-gambling-task — CANTAB test of decision-making under risk; impaired in depression
- cognitive-judgement-bias — Non-verbal “pessimism” task testing how mood alters interpretation of ambiguous stimuli
- covariant-receptive-fields — Provably covariant spatio-temporal receptive fields for SNNs; affine Gaussian kernels + LIF dynamics for event-based vision (Pedersen, Conradt & Lindeberg 2025)
- delayed-match-to-sample — Touchscreen visual working memory task; delay-dependent deficits flag depression
- delayed-response-tasks-working-memory — Delayed response / DMTS–DNMTS tasks for working memory in monkeys and humans; comparative methodology
- digital-device-associated-aace — Smartphone-associated AACE phenotype distinct from classical subtypes
- digital-therapeutics-for-vergence — VR-based, eye-tracking-guided binocular therapy for vergence disorders
- emotion-recognition-task — CANTAB test of facial emotion identification; captures negative bias in depression
- eye-tracking-biomarker-neurodegeneration — Eye-movement metrics as prognostic, diagnostic, and monitoring tools in MS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, ALS, and other dementias
- intradimensional-extradimensional-shift — Cognitive flexibility task; perseveration marks frontostriatal dysfunction in depression
- macaque-target-validation — ~35 FDA-approved drugs with macaque evidence ranked Tier A/B/C (direct efficacy → target PD → PK/safety only); gold standards incl. nemolizumab, denosumab, romosozumab, VEGF class, Animal Rule; NHP translational-value argument
- natural-scenes-dataset — Human 7T fMRI dataset (Allen et al. 2022) of visual responses to natural scenes; foundational benchmark for encoding models and cross-species comparison
- nonverbal-cognitive-tasks — Hub page: four translationally validated non-verbal assays for depression-like states
- one-touch-stockings-cambridge — CANTAB test of spatial planning and executive function; based on Tower of Hanoi
- parametric-ied-stimulus-design — Parametric stimulus families and generator architecture for CANTAB-faithful IED tasks
- preclinical-drug-screening — Experimental architecture for screening antidepressants using cognitive-affective biomarkers
- prism-therapy — Base-out prisms for diplopia relief, fusion stabilization, and pre-surgical planning in AACE
- rapid-visual-information-processing — CANTAB test of sustained attention; deficient in depression
- spatial-working-memory — CANTAB self-ordered search task; measures working memory errors and strategy (4-6 min)
- spiking-neural-networks — Brain-inspired neural computation using discrete spike events; training strategies (surrogate gradient, ANN-to-SNN conversion, STDP) and neuromorphic applications
- syringomyelia — Fluid-filled spinal cord cavity; major complication of Chiari II (40–80% of adults)
- triple-n-dataset — Large-scale fMRI-guided Neuropixels recordings of macaque visual cortex responses to natural scenes; extends NSD to nonhuman primates
- two-armed-bandit-task — Classic RL two-armed bandit paradigm; gamified versions with learning-rate/learning-noise microstructure correlates (Vejlø 2026; Tyrer 2025)
- analog-cognition-consciousness — Hybrid synapse/wave theory: brain waves as analog computers organizing cognition and consciousness (Miller, Brincat & Roy 2026)
- ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves — Direct electrical neuron interactions via extracellular fields; frequency-band functional roles; mechanism in analog cognition theory
- vergence-control — Neural systems governing convergence/divergence; implicated in AACE pathophysiology
- vision-therapy — Orthoptic rehabilitation: divergence training, fusional exercises, stereopsis recovery
Biology
- endosymbiosis-organelle-evolution — Endosymbiosis-to-organelle transitions; mitochondria, chloroplasts, nitroplast, Paulinella chromatophore, diatom diazoplasts
- nitroplast — First nitrogen-fixing organelle in a eukaryote; UCYN-A lineage inside B. bigelowii (Coale et al., Science 2024)
Brain-Computer Interfaces & Neuroprosthetics
- brain-computer-interface — BCI category hub: taxonomy, invasiveness levels, retina-as-wedge thesis, status snapshot (Aug 2026)
- implantable-bci-ethics — Ethical framework for implanted BCI studies (Miller et al., Nat Neurosci 2026): research vs care, long-term participant support, risk–benefit justice, meaningful clinical purpose
- brain-interface — Cortical/cerebral BCI subcategory: design families, table of Neuralink/Synchron/Blackrock/Precision/Paradromics/Cortigent, cortical visual prostheses
- cortical-visual-prosthesis — Cortex subcategory: phosphene mechanism, Chen et al. 2020 (1024 ch), Orion 6-yr results, EU ecosystem, design families
- retinal-prosthesis — Retinal BCI subcategory: subretinal/epiretinal/suprachoroidal, PRIMA’s form-vision breakthrough, clinical evidence and regulatory timeline; commercial market estimates (USD 420M → 972M, 2026–2035); tellurium nanowire nanoprosthesis (pre-clinical, visible–NIR-II)
- visual-prosthesis — Combined retina + cortex umbrella: comparison table, shared architecture, retina-first vs cortex-universal debate, 2026 timeline
Technology & Wearables
- smart-glasses — Wearable computing + HUD eyewear: 1935 SF origin, Sutherland’s 1968 Sword of Damocles, Azuma’s 1990s AR criteria, Google Glass era failure, 2020s AI revival; AR/3D tracking; Project Aria
- augmented-vision — Display/projection technologies for smart glasses: combiner taxonomy (freeform prism, birdbath, diffractive & geometric waveguides, holographic combiners, retinal projection), light engines (LCoS, microLED, laser beam scanning, OLED, DMD patterned stimulation), adaptive optics (Even HAO, tunable lenses); Meta Ray-Ban Display & Orion, Even G2, Magic Leap, Xreal, Apple patents
Intellectual Property
- chinese-patent-system — CNIPA patent system: invention/utility model/design classes, Art. 22/23/25 criteria, examination, terms, fees, 2020 law + 2023 regulations + 2025 guidelines (AI rules)
- chinese-patent-application-writing — How to draft: document sets per class, A4/formats, specification structure, two-part claims, abstract ≤300 chars, design brief description; BCI/AR example filings
- visual-prosthesis-patents — Curated one-paragraph-per-patent summaries for visual prostheses (28 entries): Pitham Vision CN113677257A/US20220192885A1 projector system, CN113613712A optics, CN113631079A/B PWM method; SJTU CN102813574B eye-tracking camera; Evergaze/eSight CN106233328B eyewear; Twenty Twenty CN113785235A IOMD headset; Novasight/IVS CN113325608A/B optical treatment; Mindtrix CN121944384A RL cortical control; Second Sight/Cortigent US9050468B2 field-of-view matching; Doorish US5865839A early artificial retina; Raytrx US11461936B2/US12413698B2 AR vision correction; Nano Retina US9370417B2 foveated implant; Cellico US11520154B2 glasses + implant system; adjacent: HMD calibration CN118090164B (Yongjiang Laboratory), eye-rotation rendering EP3741109B1 (Magic Leap), ocular electrotherapy US12589243B2 (i-Lumen Scientific), direct retinal projector US11157072B1 + continuation US12093446B1 (Apple); Meta display cluster: foveated display US11294184B2/EP4088155B1 + companions (US11448803B1, US11668932B2), VR micromirror projection WO2023219925A1 (ceased); PRIMA glasses/chip line (Pixium→Science Corp): DMD projector US12061332, light-trapping pixels US12201827, shunt-resistor pixel US10980997, next-gen projector US20250249280
Comparisons
- cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies — Schema of cortical visual prosthesis organizations (Phosphoenix, ReVision, Neuralink Blindsight, Cortigent Orion, Mindtrix, Monash Gennaris): device, channels, status, funding
- reasoning-methods — Simplified comparison of deductive, inductive, abductive, and other reasoning methods (SEP Abduction + Philosophy A Level)
- retinal-prosthesis-companies — Schema of current major companies (Science Corp/PRIMA, Pixium, Cortigent, BVT, Retina Implant AG, Nano Retina, Axorus…): device, channels, status, regulatory + Okuvision OkuStim TES therapy (non-implant)
Queries
Link to original
Raw sources intact (sha256 matches): even-realities-who-invented-smart-glasses-2026.md, meta-aria-gen-2-under-the-hood-2025.md, project-aria-homepage-2026.md, mindtrix-technology-2026.md, mindtrix-preqin-profile-2026.md, mindtrix-prea-funding-vcbeat-2026.md
Confirmed mindtrix row present in comparisons/cortical-visual-prosthesis-companies.md (ECoG-RS 128-ch dual-function array, MT-RS16/256 stimulators, human IITs → blind-patient IIT 2026, RMB 500M funding)
wiki-verify.py: fixed 3 pre-existing bugs (slug missing .md on file open; double-colon frontmatter check ‘k + ”:”’; uppercase taxonomy tags AI/VR/LGN/NIH/ALS dropped by [a-z0-9-]+) — now runs end-to-end
Index: 118/118 pages (entities 48, concepts 67, comparisons 3); smart-glasses/project-aria/mindtrix/comparison pages clean
Pre-existing (out of scope, reported not fixed): broken wikilinks in active-inference / covariant-receptive-fields / delayed-response-tasks-working-memory; orphans wolfgang-kohler, abcd-study, piraha-language, triple-n-dataset; off-taxonomy tags on older pages; old raw/ sha256 drift (no matching hash variant); retinal-prosthesis 242 lines

[2026-09-06] ingest | Azalea Vision smart contact lens → visual prosthesis page

User-pasted citations verified before writing (per pending llm-wiki rule: verify AI-pasted sources via web_search): Business Wire release 2026-07-01 confirmed + fetched; azaleavision.com Technology page confirmed + fetched
Raw sources saved (sha256-hashed): raw/articles/azalea-vision-eic-accelerator-bw-2026.md (b6263920…); raw/articles/azalea-vision-technology-2026.md (77dd7d92…)
New entity: entities/azalea-vision.md — Belgian healthtech (Ghent); imec + Ghent University spin-off (2021); ALMA medical-grade smart contact lens (adaptive optics + custom microelectronics + liquid-crystal + NFC); indications presbyopia / keratoconus / irregular corneas / photophobia; roadmap tear-biosensing, ocular drug delivery, AR/VR enhancement; EIC Accelerator Jul 2026 (up to €7.5M = €2.5M grant + planned €5M EIC Fund equity; only Belgian company; <5% pass rate); €9M Series A first close Apr 2025; co-founder/CTO Andrés Vásquez Quintero appointed CEO Aug 2026; confidence medium (company/PR only); framed explicitly as NOT a neural prosthesis (corrects optics; no retinal/cortical stimulation)
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis.md — 2026 timeline bullet + new “Adjacent technology: smart contact lenses” section + related-page + reference; updated/sources bumped
SCHEMA.md: added tag smart-contact-lens to Technology taxonomy
Updated: index.md (Total pages 118 → 119; azalea-vision entity entry), log.md
Cross-links: azalea-vision ↔ visual-prosthesis (hub), axorus (contact-lens form-factor peer), smart-glasses

[2026-09-08] create | Visual prosthesis patents page (link-hub style, starts with Pitham Vision CN113677257A)

User request: wiki page of existing patents for visual prosthesis, one summarizing paragraph per patent, starting with https://patents.google.com/patent/CN113677257A
Verified against Google Patents records: CN113677257A (publication 2021-11-19, pending) ↔ US member US20220192885A1 (publication 2022-06-23, active); priority PCT/EP2019/057965 (2019-03-28); filed PCT/EP2020/058873 (2020-03-27); assignee Pitham Vision (皮修姆视觉公司); inventors Guillaume Buck, Xavier Beuque, Vincent Bismuth, Martin Deterre
New concept: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (link-hub page; sources: [] — no raw capture; one-paragraph summary for CN113677257A/US20220192885A1; cross-links to retinal-prosthesis, visual-prosthesis, pitham-vision, science-corp)
New entity: entities/pitham-vision.md (patent-record-only content; confidence medium; 3-publication family incl. CN113613712A + CN113631079A; company background beyond patents marked unverified)
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis.md (Related pages), index.md (Entities pitham-vision; Concepts > Intellectual Property visual-prosthesis-patents; total 119 → 121), log.md
Note: sibling Pitham patents CN113613712A & CN113631079A identified via Google Patents assignee search — candidates for future entries

[2026-09-08] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +2 (Pitham Vision CN113613712A, CN113631079A)

Verified against Google Patents: both Pitham Vision, priority 2019-03-28 (PCT/EP2019/057966 & /057967), filed 2020-03-27, CN published 2021-11-05 and 2021-11-09
Added one-paragraph summaries: CN113613712A (projector optics — exit-pupil smaller than eye pupil, ≤1 mm/≤1° alignment tolerances, single-diffraction-order DMD laser patterning; US 17/593,276 active + continuation 19/210,450; AU abandoned); CN113631079A (per-pixel pulse-width modulation of DMD sub-beam duty cycles for graded irradiance; CN granted as CN113631079B — most progressed member; US 17/593,275 active + continuation 18/796,038)
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (+2 entries), entities/pitham-vision.md (per-family legal statuses; removed untranslated CN inventor fragment), log.md

[2026-09-08] create | CEBSIT entity (curator’s workplace)

User provided collected institutional metrics/links; verified via english.cebsit.cas.cn, icpbr.ac.cn, primatebrain.org, Nature Index CEBSIT profile, CAS News (invasive-BCI trial Mar 2025; ICPBM launch Sep 2025)
New entity: entities/cebsit.md (overview, metrics, publications, primate neuroscience, BCI, national role; confidence medium; internal inconsistencies flagged)
SCHEMA.md: new tags institute (People), primate (Neuroscience)
Updated: index.md (entity entry; 121 → 122 pages), concepts/brain-computer-interface.md (China context bullet + updated date), log.md

[2026-09-08] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +1 (SJTU CN102813574B)

User-provided URL (with search context q=(visual prosthesis camera)); verified via Google Patents: CN102813574B, granted 2014-09-10 from CN201210275805.8A filed 2012-08-03; assignee Shanghai Jiao Tong University; inventors Chai Xinyu, Wu Kaijie, Gu Yun, Lei Xuping (pinyin); status Expired - fee related; cited by 18
Added one-paragraph summary: gaze-contingent scene-camera steering for visual prostheses (eye-tracking camera on lens → pan-tilt on glasses bridge follows eye direction; camera ≤12 mm, ≥30° FOV, ≥24 fps; ms response); earliest entry (2012) and first non-Pitham assignee; cross-noted as academic precursor to Pitham eye-tracking auto-alignment (claim 13 CN113677257A)
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (4 entries), index.md (summary line), log.md

[2026-09-08] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +1 (Evergaze/eSight CN106233328B)

User-provided URL; verified via Google Patents: CN106233328B “Apparatus and method for improving, enhancing or augmenting vision”, assignee EVERGAZE Inc (eSight), filed 2015-02-19 (PCT/US2015/016717), A 2016-12-14, granted B 2020-05-12; CN expired-fee related (anticip. 2035); US (15/119,399 + cont. 16/570,430)/CA active; inventors per CN record P.R. Antaki/R. Dunn/R. Lemberg (transliterated)
Added one-paragraph summary: eSight head-mounted electronic eyewear (scene camera + microdisplay, magnification/contrast “vision improvement parameters”, preserved peripheral vision, PIP magnification); flagged class: non-implant low-vision aid adjacent to neural prostheses, BUT claim 36 reaches implant/artificial-eye coordination → relevant camera-glasses prior art (cf. Pitham CN113677257A)
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (5 entries), index.md (summary line), log.md

[2026-09-08] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +1 (Twenty Twenty CN113785235A)

User-provided URL; verified via Google Patents: CN113785235A “Natural Physiological Optical User Interface for Intraocular Microdisplays”, assignee Twenty Twenty Twenty Treatment Co Ltd, priority US 62/846,443 (2019-05-10), filed 2020-03-23 (PCT/US2020/024195), published CN 2021-12-10; CN pending; US (17/609,752 + continuations 18/542,170/18/542,155)/EP/JP/KR active; WO ceased; inventors per CN record S. Lee/S. Sinha/D. Azar (transliterated; Azar linked to Twenty Twenty Therapeutics LLC IOMD work)
Added one-paragraph summary: headset half of intraocular microdisplay (IOMD) system — gaze-contingent cropping of scene image wirelessly relayed to implant; blink-detection pauses display; electromagnetic eye fiducial gaze tracking; near-vision wrist/hand fiducials drive autofocus; contrasted with Pitham (display vs stimulator implant)
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (6 entries), index.md (summary line), log.md

[2026-09-08] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +1 (Novasight/IVS CN113325608A/B)

User-provided URL; verified via Google Patents: CN113325608A “Method and apparatus for treating visual disorders”, assignee Novasight Ltd (CN filing applicant Improved Vision Systems IVS Ltd), priority GB2005040.7 (2020-04-06), CN filed 2021-02-02, A published 2021-08-31, B granted 2022-12-09; CN active, anticipated expiration 2041-02-02; US/GB active, JP pending, EP withdrawn, WO ceased; 26 patent citations / cited by 16
Added one-paragraph summary: transparent 100+ pixel active optical lens 5–50 mm from cornea, gaze tracker + controller create a gaze-contingent image mask for refractive disorders/amblyopia; classified as adjacent non-invasive optical treatment rather than implant prosthesis, but relevant wearable eye-tracking prior art
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (7 entries), index.md (summary line), log.md

[2026-09-08] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +1 (Mindtrix CN121944384A)

User-provided patent ID CN121944384A; verified via Google Patents: CN121944384A “Cortical visual prosthesis control method and system based on reinforcement learning and behavioral feedback”, assignee Mingshi Brain Computer Technology Suzhou Co Ltd (明视脑机科技(苏州)有限公司) = wiki entity mindtrix; CN-only filing (no English-family member); application CN202610189468.2A, filed 2026-02-10, published A 2026-05-01; status Pending (application publication, no grant); cited by 0 (recent); inventors per CN record 张立/李兴/孙跃/方明 → pinyin Zhang Li, Li Xing, Sun Yue, Fang Ming
Added one-paragraph summary: RL-based adaptive closed-loop cortical stimulation — ResNet-18 extracts 512-d feature vector → multivariate point-process model (RLPP) computes per-channel stimulation probabilities → non-homogeneous Bernoulli process generates binary pulse sequences for V1 microelectrode array; real-time charge-safety inhibition (CICmax); dual external/internal reward (task accuracy + perceptual-category coverage) fused via policy-gradient update; counters cortical reorganization and phosphene drift; first cortical-prosthesis company patent in collection and first to frame stimulation-parameter optimization as an RL problem
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (8 entries; tags +cortical-prosthesis, +reinforcement-learning), index.md (summary line 7→8 entries), entities/mindtrix.md (Related +patent cross-link, updated date 09-06→09-08), log.md

[2026-09-08] ingest | IEEE Spectrum: Argus II abandonment (Strickland & Harris, Feb 2022)

Source: https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete — web_extract timed out (60s), recovered via curl +noproxy with browser UA
Source saved: raw/articles/ieee-spectrum-argus-obsolete-2022.md (sha256 678f878f5b3365fc85b69279bd1245c96926928ff90c7ea34c94357819193f6d)
Content: IEEE Spectrum investigative report on >350 Argus II implantees abandoned after Second Sight’s 2019 discontinuation + 2020 wind-down; patient stories (Campbell, Byland, Doerr, Perk); $150 K d e v i ce p r i ce ($ 497K total with surgery+rehab); FDA postapproval study (36 SAEs/30 patients); MAUDE analysis (90 reports, ~80% surgical, ~15% retinal detachments); blocked publication of negative vision-quality study; Orion trial uncertainty; Second Sight–Nano Precision Medical merger (Feb 2022); Palanker quote on vision quality vs market size
Updated pages: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md (Argus II section expanded + sources frontmatter + reference), concepts/brain-computer-interface.md (historical lessons bullet expanded), entities/cortigent.md (Argus II abandonment detail + sources frontmatter), comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md (Cortigent row expanded), log.md

[2026-09-10] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +2 (US9050468B2; corrected CN118090164B)

User supplied: CN118090164Bl, CN118090164B, US9050468B2. Exact CN118090164Bl returns 404; valid identifier is CN118090164B.
Added US9050468B2 (Second Sight Medical Products / current Cortigent): field-of-view matching in a visual prosthesis; video processing selects the camera-image region matching the retina/neural stimulation field, with zoom/reset and representative 10.8° × 17.9° field.
Added CN118090164B as adjacent AR calibration, not a visual prosthesis: simulated eyeball + image sensor + feature-point displacement threshold calibrate head-mounted display alignment.
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (10 total headings; preserved existing Mindtrix CN121944384A entry), index.md summary corrected to 10 entries, log.md.

[2026-09-10] verify | visual-prosthesis-patents quality pass

Verified all 10 entries: each has heading + one-paragraph summary + source line; contiguous, no stray content.
Enriched CN118090164B with verified record metadata: applicant Yongjiang Laboratory (Y-LAB, Ningbo/Zhejiang); CN202410515146.3A filed 2024-04-26; CN118090164A pub 2024-05-28; B granted 2024-08-09; active to 2044-04-26; PCT/CN2025/089102 (pending); TW114115653A; six inventors; CPC H04N13/327.
Refined US9050468B2 family chain: provisional 60/898,777 (2007) → 12/023,907 (= US 8,583,241) → divisional 14/050,003 → divisional 14/214,181 (granted as US9050468B2); PCT/US2008/052662.
Fixed corrupted source line on Mindtrix CN121944384A entry (had been overwritten with CN113785235A by an earlier fuzzy patch).
Identifier check via HTTP status: CN118090164Bl → 404, CN118090164B1 → 404, CN118090164B → 200. Valid grant number: CN118090164B.

[2026-09-10] update | AI Scientist wiki: Scientific Agent Skills repository

Existing link-hub entry updated rather than duplicated: https://github.com/K-Dense-AI/scientific-agent-skills
Verified via GitHub API and repository README: K-Dense-AI open-source Agent Skills/Agent Plugins collection for scientific research workflows; API description reports 165 validated skills and 100+ scientific databases, while README v2.65.0 badge reports 163 skills (version-sensitive count); MIT license; compatible with Cursor, Claude Code, Codex, Pi, Antigravity, and the open Agent Skills standard; associated paper arXiv:2609.00065.
Updated: concepts/ai-scientist.md (entry and date), log.md. No raw source captured because this was a link-hub update.

[2026-09-10] update | AI Scientist wiki: Wisp Science repository

Added link-hub entry for https://github.com/xuzhougeng/wisp-science under Agent Skills Ecosystem after verifying the GitHub repository, API metadata, and README.
Summary records Wisp Science as an open-source local-first desktop AI research workbench with Python/R kernels, OpenAI/Anthropic and ACP agent support, reusable SKILL.md workflows, MCP access to ~80 scientific databases, local/WSL/SSH/GPU runtimes, publication evidence capsules, cross-platform releases, AGPL-3.0-only licensing, and Zenodo DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22009273 (v1.5.0).
Updated: concepts/ai-scientist.md and log.md. No raw source captured because this was a link-hub update.

[2026-09-10] update | AI Scientist wiki: Biomni

Added Biomni as an important core biomedical AI-scientist system to concepts/ai-scientist.md.
Verified official site claims: general-purpose biomedical agent with 150 specialized tools, 59 databases, and 105 software packages; example domains include variant interpretation, Perturb-seq analysis, ADMET prediction, CRISPR design, rare-disease diagnosis, molecular docking, and scRNA-seq annotation.
Linked the requested bioRxiv preprint: Huang et al., “Biomni: A General-Purpose Biomedical AI Agent,” DOI 10.1101/2025.05.30.656746. Recorded its action-discovery, retrieval-augmented planning, code-execution, cross-domain benchmarking, and experimentally testable protocol claims, with an explicit pre-peer-review caveat.
Updated: concepts/ai-scientist.md and log.md. No raw source captured because this was a link-hub update.

[2026-09-10] update | AI Scientist wiki: BiomniBench-AI4S benchmark

Added BiomniBench-AI4S to concepts/ai-scientist.md under Evaluations & Critiques.
Verified the repository README and GitHub metadata: MIT-licensed benchmark/reference harness comparing seven AI-for-Science agents on 50 BiomniBench-DA biomedical data-analysis tasks, with the same deepseek-v4-pro model and rubric judge plus Gemini 3.1 Pro dual-judge robustness.
Recorded headline DeepSeek results: OmicOS 0.77 mean and 72% accuracy (36/50 pass at 0.70), followed by Claude/CSSwitch 0.68, EvoScientist 0.65, Biomni OSS 0.64, synthetic-sciences/openscience 0.63, ai4s-research/open-science 0.61, and Wisp Science 0.61; noted gated dataset and private-repository limitation for OmicOS reproducibility.
Updated: concepts/ai-scientist.md and log.md. No raw source captured because this was a link-hub update.

[2026-09-10] update | AI Scientist wiki: Claude Science

Added Anthropic’s Claude Science to concepts/ai-scientist.md under Core Systems & Papers, based on the official 30 June 2026 announcement: https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-science-ai-workbench.
Recorded beta availability on macOS/Linux for Pro, Max, Team, and Enterprise; 60+ scientific skills/connectors; coordinating, specialist, and reviewer agents; reproducible scientific artifacts; local/SSH/HPC/Modal compute; BioNeMo integrations; and vendor-reported examples from Manifold Bio, the Allen Institute, and UCSF.
Marked the deployment examples as vendor-reported rather than independent evaluations and linked the product page https://claude.com/science.
Updated: concepts/ai-scientist.md and log.md. No raw source captured because this was a link-hub update.

[2026-09-10] update | AI Scientist wiki: NVIDIA BioNeMo cross-reference

Added NVIDIA BioNeMo as supporting scientific infrastructure under the Agent Skills Ecosystem section of concepts/ai-scientist.md.
Updated the Claude Science entry to link explicitly to https://github.com/NVIDIA-BioNeMo and identify BioNeMo as the source of referenced life-science models/tools including Evo 2, Boltz-2, and OpenFold3.
Summary verified against the NVIDIA BioNeMo organization page: platform pillars include data, models, GPU-optimized libraries/tools, training/customization, and optimized inference/deployment; component licenses vary.
Updated: concepts/ai-scientist.md and log.md. No raw source captured because this was a link-hub update.

[2026-09-10] verify | CEBSIT entity page fact-check (user-requested)

Independently re-verified entities/cebsit.md against external sources after proxy-node recovery (Firecrawl down intermittently → retried; nature.com reachable via proxy).
Confirmed: founding 27 Nov 1999 (official Director’s Introduction); first four CAS Centers for Excellence 2014 + Jun 2015 intelligence-technology expansion + Apr 2019 independent legal entity (Baidu Baike; sh-italent Jan 2024 notice); Nature Index 2025 neuroscience #3 CAS — Count 78, Share 17.04, behind Harvard/NIH, ahead of UCL/Fudan/UCSF (Nature Index article, 14 May 2026); personnel 533 staff/109 postdocs/372 students, 55 groups (sh-italent); “>half of China’s top-journal neuroscience papers” traced to CEBSIT recruitment materials (2021, gaoxiaojob); 2005 2×Cell/1×Nature/1×Science incl. first mainland-China Cell in 25 yrs (Jiefang Daily, 2 Sep 2026); Cell Jul 2025 macaque PFC projectomes (PubMed 40645170); Science 16 Apr 2026 “bipolar map” (PubMed 41990166); macaque cloning Cell 2018; ICPBM 20–21 Sep 2025 launch, 118 members/25 countries; ICPBR Logothetis co-director; BCI trial = first surgery 25 Mar 2025, participants 2/3 Jun & Oct 2025, 28 implants by Aug 2026, StairMed WRS01/WRS02 (CAS/Xinhua Jun & Dec 2025; Jiefang Daily; Global Times/MassDevice); arXiv 2607.07185 exists.
Corrections/flags added: ICPBM “25-year” vs press “10-year plan” discrepancy; SKL “ranked #1” softened to verified excellent-class rating (MOST 2016 round, announced 26 Jun 2017); BCI “5 Mar 2025” → first surgery 25 Mar 2025; first patient is a quadruple amputee, not quadriplegic; budget/academicians/senior-researcher figures remain curator-supplied.
Updated: entities/cebsit.md (publication record, rankings, BCI, caveats, references; updated date bumped), index.md (summary line adds Nature Index #3), log.md.

[2026-09-11] ingest | Spherical Insights: artificial retinal implants market estimates (2026)

Source: https://www.sphericalinsights.com/blogs/top-20-companies-in-global-artificial-retinal-implants-market-2026-2035-expert-view-by-spherical-insights — fetched via web_extract; raw saved (lightly condensed) to raw/articles/sphericalinsights-artificial-retinal-implants-market-2026.md (sha256 3a95c71f36fdc36b4242c07f4c2a020e47108fe78440b23af81e65874a1a6a96)
Numbers added to concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md: USD 420M (2025) → USD 972M (2035), CAGR 8.75% (2026–2035); North America ≈47% of 2025 revenue; Asia-Pacific fastest-growing region; note’s top-player list (Second Sight, Science Corp, Pixium, Nano Retina, Retina Implant AG, BVT, LambdaVision, iBIONICS).
Quality caveats recorded on-page: commercial vendor estimate (not clinical evidence); internal inconsistency “CAGR of 75%” vs 8.75% (decimal typo); segmentation section copied from a reagent-market template; company list includes legacy/tangential names (Optobionics, Medtronic, Abbott).
Updated: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md (frontmatter updated + sources; new “Market estimates” section; reference), index.md summary line, raw/articles/ (new file), log.md.

[2026-09-15] ingest | Fine-tuning argument for theism (Sean Carroll, Within Reason #140)

Source: clip “Why The Fine-Tuning Argument is Terrible - Physicist Sean Carroll” (More Alex O’Connor; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWVzIWsM0oY) — content mapped to the fine-tuning segment (18:22–32:39) of Within Reason #140 “Sean Carroll — The Limits of Scientific Explanation” (2026-01-26; clips also at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRp0ent1Z0A).
Transcript note: YouTube captions were bot-blocked from this IP (yt-dlp player clients, youtube-transcript-api, mirror services all failed); used the full-episode machine transcript from podscripts.co as the text source. Excerpt saved: 00:18:40–00:32:51, lightly trimmed of the sponsor read.
Raw captures (7): raw/transcripts/within-reason-140-carroll-finetuning.md; raw/articles/sean-carroll-2014-post-debate-fine-tuning.md; raw/articles/sean-carroll-mindscape-331-fine-tuning.md; raw/articles/sep-fine-tuning-friederich-2026.md; raw/articles/wikipedia-fine-tuned-universe-2026.md; raw/articles/wikipedia-sean-carroll-2026.md; raw/articles/scienceandculture-carroll-counter-evidence.md.
New pages: concepts/fine-tuning-argument.md (supporting case; critical-arguments sections: measure problem, naturalism-predicts-it, multiverse, post hoc/hiddenness, design-inference gaps; Carroll’s main Within Reason points with timestamps; defenders’ replies; wiki relations); entities/sean-carroll.md.
Updated pages: concepts/psychophysical-harmony.md, concepts/bayesian-apologetics.md, concepts/subjectivity-of-priors.md, concepts/ontological-arguments.md, concepts/many-worlds-interpretation.md (See Also / supporter-link additions), index.md (124 pages total), log.md.
Context: SEP author = Simon Friederich (rev. 2026-02-26). Carroll’s five-reason 2014 critique and Mindscape #331 (2025) corroborate the 2026 clip points; defender-side replies drawn from the Science and Culture Today series responding to this interview.

[2026-09-11] ingest | Miller et al. 2026 — Ethical considerations for implantable human BCIs (Nature Neuroscience)

Source: Miller KJ, Giampiccolo D, Akram H, Schalk G. “Ethical considerations for implantable human brain–computer interfaces.” Nat Neurosci (2026-09-07). DOI 10.1038/s41593-026-02447-1 — verified against the publisher record (paywalled; abstract + metadata captured).
Raw captures (2): raw/papers/miller-2026-ethical-considerations-implantable-bci.md (abstract-level record; sha256 2c38e4ff…) and raw/papers/miller-abosch-2025-moment-of-reckoning-bci.md (companion open-access editorial, full text via PMC12709552; sha256 b94f6b9b…), which the Comment is partially based on.
New page: concepts/implantable-bci-ethics.md — four proposed commitments (research-vs-care distinction; long-term participant support; no disproportionate risk for others’ benefit; meaningful clinical purpose) plus the detailed argument: therapeutic misconception, home usability/assistive-tech interoperability, explantation disclosure, orphaned-device contingency measures (interoperability mandates / escrow funds / sustainability plans), scientific-justification threshold, Table-1 recommendations. confidence: medium (normative proposals).
Updated: concepts/brain-computer-interface.md (Related + Open questions cross-link), concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md (Open questions cross-link to the ethics framework), index.md (new entry; header repaired — parallel-session fine-tuning batch had bumped 124; set to 125), log.md.
Notes: co-author H. Akram disclosed as chief investigator of Neuralink GB-PRIME; cross-session overlap detected and index reconciled (entities 52 / concepts 70 / comparisons 3 = 125).

[2026-09-12] ingest | FDA-approved macaque target evidence report (user-pasted, AI-generated)

Source: user-pasted AI-generated report (ChatGPT excerpt; contains a dead sandbox: docx link — no canonical URL, so source_url omitted). Raw saved: raw/articles/fda-macaque-target-evidence-report-2026.md (sha256 36c0fc32187c848e321a241e67d9ac60a5f1b9c9bd531d989aa2589a61c4c4ca over body, extraction tail -n +5).
New page: concepts/macaque-target-validation.md — tier-1 table of 12 drugs across IL-31RA (nemolizumab), IL-5/IL-5Rα (mepolizumab/benralizumab), IL-6R (tocilizumab), CGRP (erenumab/fremanezumab/galcanezumab/eptinezumab), VEGF-A/CNV (ranibizumab/aflibercept/faricimab), PCSK9 (inclisiran); “macaque involved ≠ macaque validated” second tier (tezepelumab, IL-17A agents, IL-23p19 agents, omalizumab, liraglutide, brolucizumab); boundary cases (maraviroc, lenacapavir); report ranking; next-step proposal (50–100-drug systematic table; CNS gap). confidence: medium.
Verification per AI-paste rule (wiki-link-hub): all 12 tier-1 citations resolve to real records; key numbers checked at source — galcanezumab 87/71/63% (FDA BLA 761063 review, verbatim), inclisiran 66–85% / 65–92% (Lehoux et al. 2023, DOI 10.1002/prp2.1080; FDA BLA 214012), nemolizumab ~2 months (PMID 27714851), mepolizumab 6 weeks (PMID 11496242), ranibizumab (PMID 11879138), aflibercept 44.4%→0% (PMID 21825187), tocilizumab monkey CIA (PMID 18520048), fremanezumab cyno dermal flare (BLA 761089), eptinezumab cyno DBF (BLA 761119), faricimab RG7716 (EMBO Mol Med 2016), lenacapavir (PMID 37625266). On-page flags: tier-2 classifications report-level (tezepelumab spot-verified; omalizumab has direct cyno IgE pharmacology — classify with care); “8 classes” count loose (~7); tocilizumab + ranibizumab FDA PDFs are scanned images (claims verified via journals).
Updated: concepts/preclinical-drug-screening.md (related link + date bump), index.md (new concept entry; totals 125→126; Last updated), log.md.

[2026-09-12] update | macaque-target-validation rebuilt: +systematic catalogue (report 2, ~35 drugs, Tier A/B/C)

Source: second user-pasted AI-generated report (“Systematic catalogue of FDA-approved drugs with macaque evidence”; Tier A/B/C framework). Raw saved: raw/articles/fda-macaque-evidence-catalogue-2026.md (sha256 57b9f21b533a03c6f81b31864f63ec3a19f9550255daa7f4df348368fabcb5b1 over body, extraction tail -n +5).
Page rebuilt: concepts/macaque-target-validation.md now merges both reports — tier framework, master catalogue table (35 rows preserved), gold-standard cases (nemolizumab, denosumab, romosozumab, VEGF class), CGRP class table, Animal Rule section (raxibacumab, tecovirimat, remdesivir, cabotegravir), negative controls (daratumumab, donanemab, report-1 second tier, eculizumab/dupilumab), boundary cases, evidence-class distribution (~12 A / ~14 B / ~9 C), verification & sources, next-step evidence matrix. confidence: medium.
New verifications at source: denosumab (rodent RANKL non-binding; OVX cyno sole preclinical model — JBMR literature), romosozumab 14–26% BMD (PMID 27865001), raxibacumab 9/13 (69%) vs 0/10 (BLA 125349 SumR, verbatim), tecovirimat (NDA 208627: Animal Rule, 4 NHP studies, delayed-treatment cohorts, VP37), remdesivir 2.2 log10 (NDA 214787 verbatim; PMID 32516797), faricimab equimolar vs ranibizumab (BLA 761235, verbatim), daratumumab non-binding (BLA 761036, verbatim), donanemab target-absent statement (BLA 761248, verbatim), polatuzumab surrogate ADC (PMID 31270798), sutimlimab near-complete complement inhibition (BLA 761164), ocrelizumab B-cell depletion (BLA 761053), cabotegravir (PMC5263045). Galcanezumab 86% vs 87/71/63% reconciled (both in BLA 761063; page keeps both).
Report-level rows not individually re-verified: ofatumumab, golimumab, pegcetacoplan (PharmR URL 404s), nivolumab, pembrolizumab, tafasitamab, guselkumab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, lecanemab, aducanumab.
Updated: concepts/macaque-target-validation.md, index.md (summary line), log.md.

[2026-09-14] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +4 (Raytrx ×2, Doorish artificial retina, Magic Leap)

User supplied four patent IDs: US11461936B2, US12413698B2, EP3741109B1, US5865839A — all verified against Google Patents records; none previously on the page.
Added US5865839A (John F. Doorish, Individual; filed 1997-05-19 as CIP of 08/777,075 (1996-12-30); granted 1999-02-02; expired — lifetime, anticipated expiration 2016-12-30; cited by 54): fully-implantable artificial retina — fiber-optic light capture → photodiode/IR detector → coupler to the retina (wire, curved metal sheet, or scanning-tunneling tip), claim-11 array version; earliest entry in the collection; framed as a conceptual forerunner of intraocular photovoltaic arrays (PRIMA class).
Added US11461936B2 (Raytrx LLC; app 16/511,202 filed 2019-07-15; granted 2022-10-04; active, adjusted expiration 2037-11-08; cited by 83): mixed-reality glasses whose claim-1 shader is generated from “ansler grid” [sic — Amsler] data to cut a scotoma-shaped hole and remap pixels onto adjacent sighted retina (PMIS / “brain-stitching”); family chain includes US 9,955,862 + US 10,111,583; classified adjacent (non-implant).
Added US12413698B2 (Raytrx LLC; app 18/597,642 filed 2024-03-06 as continuation of 15/962,661; granted 2025-09-09; active, anticipated expiration 2036-03-17; cited by 89): smart-contact-lens sibling — camera on lens (“most central 15%”) + display around perimeter + selectable “retinal map” distortion correction.
Added EP3741109B1 (Magic Leap Inc; priority US provisionals 62/618,559 (2018-01-17) + 62/702,849 (2018-07-24), found in WO2019143844A1 spec cross-reference; PCT/US2019/014052 ceased; granted 2024-04-24; EP active to 2039-01-17; cited by 71): eye-center-of-rotation estimation (cornea-sphere/optical-axis geometry; ellipse-path gaze region per claim 1) + render-camera positioning at the eye’s center of rotation; large family (US 16/250,931 + four continuations; CN/JP/KR/AU/CA/IL; divisional EP24160191.3 pending). Classified adjacent AR-HMD tech (with CN118090164B).
New entity: entities/raytrx.md — Raytrx LLC as the IP company whose AR vision-correction family is licensed to Ocutrx Vision Technologies (OcuLenz headset, advanced AMD/low vision); company/leadership/origin story from company site + 2019 trade coverage; patent-record facts separated; confidence medium.
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (10 → 14 entries; tags +augmented-reality, +eye-tracking, +smart-contact-lens; Related pages +raytrx), index.md (patents summary line 14 entries; raytrx entity; totals 126 → 127; Last updated 2026-09-14), log.md.
Note: “ansler grid” is a typographic error for Amsler grid in the Raytrx claim text (the description uses “Amsler”); recorded [sic] on the entry.

[2026-09-14] ingest | Wang et al. 2025 (Science) — tellurium nanowire retinal nanoprosthesis

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu2987 — Wang S, Jiang C, Yu Y, et al. Science 388(6751): eadu2987, 5 June 2025. DOI: 10.1126/science.adu2987; PMID: 40472078 (verified via Crossref + PubMed). Main text free-registration-gated → abstract-level capture (editor’s summary + structured abstract + abstract; metrics at capture: 16,105 downloads / 63 citations).
Raw captures (3, sha256-hashed over body, tail -n +6): raw/papers/wang-2025-tellurium-nanowire-retinal-nanoprosthesis.md; raw/papers/fernandez-2025-nanowires-replace-lost-retinal-cells.md (Science Perspective, pp. 1025–1026, PMID 40472112, incl. the 12-Jun-2025 correction re: clinical subretinal photovoltaic implants); raw/papers/zhang-2025-beyond-vision-restoration-commentary.md (open-access Research 8:0857 commentary, CC BY, PMC12417632 — technical detail: 0.3 eV bandgap, ~150-nm porous network, 18.98 mW mm⁻² NIR-II threshold, 200–600 ms latency, ≤5 Hz tuning, 112-day macaque stability, 940-nm ERGs).
Updated: concepts/retinal-prosthesis.md — new “Tellurium nanowire nanoprosthesis (emerging modality)” section (mechanism; pre-clinical results table: blind-mouse behaviour + macaque IR vision; positioning vs PRIMA/photoacoustic; caveats), new open-questions bullet, +1 tag (nanoprosthesis), sources +3, References +3.
SCHEMA.md: tag nanoprosthesis added to Technology taxonomy.
Updated: index.md (retinal-prosthesis summary line), log.md.
Notes: second non-electrode emerging modality on the page (after photoacoustic); pre-clinical only (mice + Macaca fascicularis); NIR-II (1,550 nm) extension framed as augmenting as well as restoring vision.

[2026-09-14] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +3 (Nano Retina, Cellico, I-Lumen Scientific)

User supplied US12589243B2, US9370417B2, US11520154B2 — all verified against Google Patents records; none previously on the page.
Added US9370417B2 (Nano Retina Inc; US13/827,919 filed 2013-03-14; granted 2016-06-21; US expired — fee related, EP withdrawn, PCT ceased, CN expired — fee related; cited by 15): “Foveated retinal prosthesis” — space-variant photosensor array (fovea-like density gradient) + foveola-sparing electrode geometry (lower/zero electrode density in a 100–1000 µm central zone; penetrating electrodes target INL/GCL layers “largely not present in the foveola”). Classified direct prosthesis.
Added US11520154B2 (Cellico Inc, KR; priority KR 10-2021-0024499 (2021-02-24); granted 2022-12-06; US active to 2042-02-10; KR/CN/EP co-members active; cited by 2): AR-sunglasses external unit + intraocular implant with display-to-implant optical downlink (image processing kept outside the body; wireless power/data; pulse width/period + pixel-subset control; per-user algorithm fitting). Classified direct system.
Added US12589243B2 (I-Lumen Scientific Inc; provisional 63/418,375 (2022-10-21); filed 2023-10-20; granted 2026-03-31; active to 2044-07-19; 204 patent citations, no cited-by yet): wearable periorbital-electrode electrotherapy + phosphene-threshold (PPT/FPT) calibration and controller-interface claims. Classified adjacent — non-invasive electrotherapy, not a prosthesis.
New entity pages (3): entities/nano-retina.md (2009–2024, Rainbow Medical; NR600; dissolved spring 2024 — bionic-vision.org + BioSpace); entities/cellico.md (2019, Pangyo/Seongnam; EyeCane CES 2024 + Edison awards; implant development — AsiaTechDaily, MK, SightCity, Crunchbase); entities/i-lumen-scientific.md (Bloomington, MN; i-Lumen AMD System; i-SIGHT2 pivotal, 120 participants, FDA IDE Mar 2026 — PRNewswire, ClinicalTrials.gov).
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (14 → 17 entries; Related pages +nano-retina, cellico, i-lumen-scientific), index.md (summary line 17 entries; 3 entity entries; totals 127 → 130), log.md.
Notes: I-Lumen tie-in — the family’s KR member (“Electrode Systems and Methods for Vision Treatment”) was already present in the page’s PatSnap landscape table; Nano Retina’s patent adds IP detail to the existing NR600 companies-schema row. Scope note: no edits to comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md (NR600 row still reads “Inactive”; new datum: dissolved spring 2024) — flagged for a future pass.

[2026-09-14] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +1 (Apple — direct retinal projector)

User supplied US11157072B1 — verified against Google Patents; not previously on the page.
Added US11157072B1 (Apple Inc; inventors Richard J. Topliss, James H. Foster, Alexander Shpunt; app US15/413,310 filed 2017-01-23, provisional 62/299,137 (2016-02-24); granted 2021-10-26 (B1); active — adjusted expiration 2038-01-02; cited by 10; continuation US17/473,901 (2021-09-13) co-pending): “Direct retinal projector” — screenless AR/VR display: scanned RGB laser light field reflected off a see-through curved ellipsoid mirror into the pupil, forming the image directly on the retina; accommodation–convergence conflict addressed via increased depth of focus; claimed subsystems = retinal-return gaze tracking (IR bright-pupil → quad-cell PSD → control loop tilting the scanning mirror so the field stays on the pupil) + azimuth-tracked adjustable focusing lens (optical MEMS; ~10 D range; programmable region defocus; acoustic-standing-wave fast-axis option). Example parameters captured: 1–3 mm beam, 20–>30 px/°, 60–90 Hz, 40° FOV per pupil position, ±7–10° pupil range, depth of focus 0.5–1.5 m to infinity. Classified adjacent (AR-HMD display layer; third entry with CN118090164B, EP3741109B1); shared problem set with prosthetic projector-glasses noted (Pitham exit-pupil matching).
Updated: concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (17 → 18 entries), index.md (summary line 18 entries), log.md.
Notes: external coverage of the grant — AppleInsider, “‘Apple Glass’ could project AR directly onto a wearer’s retina” (26 Oct 2021). No entity page created (consumer-platform scale, akin to the Magic Leap treatment); flagged as available if wanted.

[2026-09-14] create | concepts/augmented-vision.md — display & projection technologies

New concept page (requested): augmented-vision — the underlying display/projection technology for smart glasses; references smart-glasses and cross-links visual-prosthesis-patents.
Deep-dive research; 12 new raw captures: Even HAO tech page + G2 product specs; Meta Orion SiC blog + Ray-Ban Display teardown (Lumus geometric waveguide + OmniVision LCoS + Goertek engine; ~400x400 effective, 40 px/deg, 20 deg diag, ~5,000 nits, eye glow ~1.5%); Nreal birdbath teardown (~15% nits-to-eye, ~26% see-through); Xiong 2021 Light:Sci Appl review (excerpt); QD Laser RETISSA/VISIRIUM; Google Glass Wikipedia (excerpt); Topliss/Apple HMD-optics portfolio + US12093446B1 + US20190285897A1 + US12681308.
Coverage: system stack & VAC; combiner taxonomy (freeform prism/birdbath incl. Google Glass “type 2”; diffractive waveguides with Nokia/Levola EPE origins, FOV vs substrate index, Orion SiC; geometric/Lumus; holographic combiners incl. Apple foveated 4+4 projector scheme; retinal projection: Apple family, Intel Vaunt, RETISSA; contact-lens history/Mojo); light engines (LCoS, microLED/JBD, MEMS-LBS, OLED microdisplays); adaptive optics & vision correction (Even HAO; LC autofocus spectacles; Apple tunable lenses; azalea); product map table; open questions.
Updated: index.md (new entry + total 130 -> 131), SCHEMA.md (tags +waveguide, +retinal-projection), smart-glasses.md (See Also cross-link; updated date), visual-prosthesis-patents.md (Apple family line: continuation now granted as US12093446B1).
Notes: full patents-page entry for US12093446B1 deliberately not created (continuation of the existing US11157072B1 entry; flagged for user review).

[2026-09-14] update | visual-prosthesis-patents +6 (Apple continuation; Meta display cluster) + augmented-vision cross-refs

Requested: add the Apple continuation (user ref “US12093446B2” — the grant is in fact US12093446B1), EP4088155B1, WO2023219925A1 (expired/ceased); sweep for related filings.
Verified (Google Patents / Justia) and added:
- US12093446B1 — Apple Inc; app US17/473,901; continuation of US15/413,310; granted 2024-09-17; active to 2037-11-16; 17 claims (retinal-return PSD loop; binocular device claim with object-distance divergence matching + off-fovea defocus).
- EP4088155B1 — Meta; “Foveated display system”; granted 2026-03-11; active to 2041-01-05; family: US11294184B2 (2022-04-05), CN/JP pending, KR withdrawn, WO ceased.
- WO2023219925A1 — Meta; “Virtual reality display system”; micromirror-array per-pixel steering to the tracked pupil; PCT ceased (no national-phase entry); priority US17/989,145 (2022-11-17).
“Any others” sweep — same-day Meta filings (2020-01-06, same four inventors): US11294184B2 (foveated display), US11448803B1 (pancake lens including diffuser, 2022-09-20), US11668932B2 (switchable Pancharatnam-Berry phase grating stack, 2023-06-06). All added.
Patents page: 18 → 24 entries; “Related pages” gains augmented-vision.
augmented-vision.md: new “Foveated dual-module optics — Meta” subsection; Meta micromirror-projection clause in the retinal-projection section and open questions; references extended. Kind-code correction B2 → B1 applied across patents page, augmented-vision and this log.
index.md: summary line → 24 entries.

[2026-09-14] update | augmented-vision: DMD section (Arens-Arad 2016 + Wang 2025 link)

User request: add Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) coverage to augmented-vision, exemplified by Arens-Arad et al. 2016 (head-mounted DMD projection for natural & prosthetic stimulation in freely-moving rats) and related to the Wang et al. 2025 tellurium-nanowire paper (DMD in its characterisation platform).
New raws: raw/papers/arens-arad-2016-dmd-head-mounted-projection.md (full text, Sci Rep 6:34873); raw/papers/wang-2025-dmd-platform-excerpt.md (ResearchGate abstract + figure captions; DMD platform in Fig. 2 caption).
Verified specifics: LightCrafter 3000 platform, DMD 684x608, 10.8 um pitch; 525 nm LED (natural) vs 915 nm laser (photovoltaic implant, sighted-animal rationale); lens periscope to retina; simultaneous VEP/single-unit recording; ZEMAX MTF >0.8. Wang: MEA + DMD + 635 nm laser projecting circle/triangle patterns onto TeNWN film, 42.5 mW/mm^2, 1,200x1,200 um.
augmented-vision.md: DMD row added to Light-engine table; new paragraphs “DMDs as patterned-stimulus engines” + relations (LBS/Meta micromirror patent/LCoS/direct retinal projection, cross-refs retinal-prosthesis, visual-prosthesis-patents); frontmatter sources 12 -> 14; references +2.
index.md: augmented-vision line updated (DMD patterned stimulation).

[2026-09-14] update | retinal-prosthesis: DMD cross-reference to augmented-vision

User request: cross-ref the Arens-Arad DMD stimulation system from retinal-prosthesis (follow-up to the augmented-vision DMD section).
Edits: “How it works” gains a DMD-projection tooling paragraph (525 nm natural / 915 nm photovoltaic, freely-moving rats) linking augmented-vision; Tellurium section notes the paper’s MEA+DMD+635-nm characterisation platform; Related pages + References updated; frontmatter sources +2 (arens-arad-2016 raw, wang-2025-dmd-platform-excerpt raw).

[2026-09-15] update | Fine-tuning argument: Fred Adams, “The Not-So-Fine Tuning of the Universe” (Nautilus, 2017)

Added Adams’s empirical reassessment to concepts/fine-tuning-argument.md as new critical-arguments subsection §6: force strengths robust (EM ±~100×; gravity 10^5× stronger to 10^9× weaker); triple-alpha “problem” dissolves (≈half of relevant nuclear changes stabilize beryllium-8); deuterium-free stellar pathways (contraction, CNO, explosive nucleosynthesis, triple-nucleon); density fluctuations Q (larger benign/better — “even Pluto would get as much daylight as Miami”); verdict: “our universe does not seem to be particularly fine-tuned” and is not the best for life. Divergence note vs Carroll added.
Raw: raw/articles/nautilus-fred-adams-not-so-fine-tuning-2017.md (live nautil.us URL returns 404 to automated fetchers; text retrieved via Wayback Machine snapshot 20221206103847, cross-checked against the 2017-11-09 full-text repost). Technical companion cited: Adams, F. C. (2019), Physics Reports 807:1-111 (arXiv:1902.03928).
Date handling: corrected the Carroll-ingest stamps from 2026-09-11 to 2026-09-15 (raws ×7, concepts/fine-tuning-argument.md, entities/sean-carroll.md, prior log entry); index.md header date refreshed to 2026-09-15. Bumped updated on pages edited in this task (fine-tuning-argument, psychophysical-harmony, bayesian-apologetics, subjectivity-of-priors, ontological-arguments, many-worlds-interpretation).
Updated: concepts/fine-tuning-argument.md, index.md, log.md.

[2026-09-14] update | PRIMA deep-dive: science-corp + retinal-prosthesis pages; 4 new patents (24→28)

Requested: deep search on the PRIMA system and its glasses projector; add to science-corp / retinal-prosthesis pages; add discovered patents.
Key findings: PRIMA glasses use a DMD (digital micromirror device) projector — 880 nm, 30 Hz, brightness via 0.7–9.8 ms pulses at 3.5 mW/mm²; per-micromirror pulse-width modulation (US12061332); PRIMA-1 (opaque VR, 17.5°, ~10.5 µm) → PRIMA-2 (transparent AR since Oct 2019; 18.5°, 6.7 µm; refraction-adapted; simultaneous natural+prosthetic vision; zoom up to ×12; tinted-lens option). Stanford preclinical rigs: 880-nm DILAS laser + DLP “Light Commander” DMD + slit-lamp optics. Chip: 378×100-µm hexagonal pixels, two series photodiodes; light-trapping reflective backside + Ti/ceramic seal (US12201827) allows the 30-µm thickness (905-nm light penetrates ~35 µm in Si).
Patents added (visual-prosthesis-patents, 24 → 28): US12061332B2 (Pixium — DMD projection w/ per-mirror PWM), US12201827B2 (Pixium — light-absorbing pixels; orig. US11197993B2), US10980997B2 (Pixium — shunt-resistor dimensioning), US20250249280A1 (Science Corp — next-gen projector: SLM + steering + pupil/retinal-feature tracking; paired w/ US2026/0166320).
New raws (5): raw/articles/palanker-lab-prima-system-2026.md; raw/papers/palanker-2022-simultaneous-prosthetic-natural-vision.md; raw/papers/muqit-2024-prima-4-year-followup.md; raw/papers/wang-2022-electronic-photoreceptors-rats.md; raw/papers/mathieson-2012-photovoltaic-retinal-prosthesis.md.
Pages updated: science-corp.md (new “PRIMA system architecture” section; sources 5→10; refs +6; updated date), retinal-prosthesis.md (glasses/projection paragraph; chip-thickness rationale; DMD cross-ref; sources 16→21; refs +6), augmented-vision.md (PRIMA-DMD clinical sentence), index.md (patents line → 28 entries).

[2026-09-14] update | augmented-vision: full PRIMA-DMD coverage

Requested: make the augmented-vision page cover the PRIMA DMD details clearly.
Added “The clinical flagship — PRIMA.” paragraph (DMD engine w/ per-mirror PWM & duty-cycle limit US12061332; 880 nm; 30 Hz; 0.7–9.8 ms pulses at 3.5 mW/mm²; chip: 378-pixel photovoltaic → bipolar-cell stimulation; PRIMA-1 VR → PRIMA-2 AR evolution w/ simultaneous vision; next-gen eye-tracking projector US20250249280).
Product map: new PRIMA row; See Also updated; sources 14 → 17; references +3. (Superseded single-sentence one-liner.)

[2026-09-15] create | Regenerated the missing 2026-08-20 pages: Analog Cognition cluster (flag resolved)

Resolves the 2026-08-22 flag: index.md listed analog-cognition-consciousness and ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves, but the files and their raw source were lost to a session reset (regeneration pending).
Sources: full author manuscript via OSF render (81.6K chars; corresponds to Miller, E.K., Brincat, S.L., Roy, J.E. (2026), “Analog Cognition and Consciousness”, J. Neurosci. 46(33) e0711262026, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0711-26.2026, published 2026-08-19); MIT News summary (2026-09-01); Wikipedia “Ephaptic coupling”; Picower Institute news (Miller & Pinotsis, Cerebral Cortex study).
Raw: raw/papers/miller-2026-analog-cognition-consciousness.md (restored); raw/articles/mit-news-analog-cognition-2026.md; raw/articles/wikipedia-ephaptic-coupling-2026.md; raw/articles/picower-electric-fields-2026.md.
New pages: concepts/analog-cognition-consciousness.md (hybrid synapse/wave theory; mixed selectivity; spatial computing; traveling waves; analog computation; ephaptic coupling; consciousness and anesthesia; comparison to GW/GNWT/IIT/HOT/predictive coding; limitations); concepts/ephaptic-coupling-and-brain-waves.md (mechanism, evidence, advantages over spike-based signaling, frequency-band roles).
Backfilled links: concepts/active-inference.md (ephaptic coupling upgraded to wikilink; its existing analog-cognition link now resolves); concepts/spiking-neural-networks.md gained a See Also section linking both pages.
Updated: index.md (133 pages), log.md.

[2026-09-15] maintenance | Raw sha256 normalization across raw/ + post-regeneration verification

Normalized the sha256: frontmatter field of 92 raw files to the verifier’s canonical convention (hash of everything after the closing ---\n, including the blank separator line): 53 files used body-only or borderline conventions; 32 older files’ original hash basis could not be reproduced (all confirmed byte-identical to the 06:59 ServeWiki sync snapshot beforehand; no body content modified); 7 files had sha256: PENDING/missing and were filled. Audit TSV kept outside the wiki (~/workspace/raw-sha-normalization-2026-09-15.tsv). The wiki-verify.py raw check now passes 147/147.
Post-regeneration verification of the Analog Cognition cluster (see previous entry): both new pages, the restored raw and the backfilled links pass; index coverage complete (133 = 133). Remaining verify flags are pre-existing and reported to the curator for triage: broken wikilinks (8 targets in 3 legacy pages), 4 orphan pages (wolfgang-kohler, abcd-study, piraha-language, triple-n-dataset), tag-taxonomy drift on ~20 legacy pages (incl. the recurring ‘neuroscience’ tag) and the delayed-response-tasks-working-memory page missing core frontmatter fields, plus two page-split candidates (retinal-prosthesis 344 lines, visual-prosthesis-patents 259 lines).
Updated: raw/ (92 files, frontmatter only), log.md.

[2026-09-15] update | wiki-wide: convert `^[...]` markers to GFM footnotes (Quartz-compatible)

Converted 608 provenance markers across 101 curated pages to deduplicated numeric GFM footnotes: [^n] refs in the text + [^n]: [[raw/…|raw/….md]] definitions collected at each page bottom. Raw captures untouched; marker text preserved as the definition.
Why: Pandoc-style ^[…] inline notes render as literal text in Quartz; GFM footnotes render natively (remark-gfm v4, verified in the ServeWiki pipeline).
Special case: concepts/nonverbal-cognitive-tasks.md — stray earlier [^refs] merged into the new footnote.
Conventions updated to the new syntax: SCHEMA.md (wiki), wiki-link-hub skill, llm-wiki skill.
Safety: pre-conversion backup of all curated pages at ~/.hermes/cache/wiki-gfm-footnotes-backup-*.tar.gz
Verification: local Quartz build via ServeWiki (footnote refs/definitions + raw links render; build clean).

[2026-09-15] update | Chinese retinal prosthesis companies + patents research

Research scope: Searched for Chinese/Taiwanese companies developing retinal prosthesis devices, verified funding, patents, and clinical status.
3 new entity pages created:
- entities/intellimicro-medical.md — IntelliMicro Medical (微智医疗, Changsha); IMIE 256 epiretinal prosthesis; Caltech/Humayun/Tai/Grubbs founders; 2021 first-in-human (5 RP patients, 99.9% electrode survival); Jun 2026 Xiangya Hospital breakthrough (first totally blind Chinese subject → character recognition + walking); patents CN111588984B, WO2021238415A1, WO2021238419A1, CN116596786A.
- entities/nanochap.md — Nanochap (暖芯迦, Hangzhou); 320-ch retinal visual BCI; 3D pillar electrodes (50 µm, 100 µm spacing); magnetic fixation; bioactive glass hermetic (>10 yr); founded 2014 (Univ. Melbourne spinout); ¥300M (~$41M) raised May 2026 (Legend Capital, Tencent); GCP trial success Jul 2026 (patient saw on day 2); patent CN107224666A + AU2018403776B2.
- entities/iridium-medical.md — Iridium Medical Technology (晶祈生技, Hsinchu); HARP4k ~4,000-pixel subretinal (highest pixel count worldwide); founded 2012 by Long-Sheng Fan; ~$5.68M raised (Diamond Biofund); preclinical; patent US9114004B2.
5 new patent entries added to concepts/visual-prosthesis-patents.md (28→33): US9114004B2, CN111588984B, WO2021238415A1, WO2021238419A1, CN107224666A.
Comparisons page (comparisons/retinal-prosthesis-companies.md) updated: IntelliMicro row enriched, Iridium row enriched, Nanochap row added; funding + channel-count comparison lines updated; sources +4.
4 raw captures: vcbeat-nanochap-retinal-bci-2026, hxw-imie-clinical-breakthrough-2026, bionic-vision-intellimicro-2025, bionic-vision-iridium-medical-2025.
SCHEMA: +brain-computer-interface, +China, +Taiwan tags.
Index: 3 new entities; total pages updated.
Fudan University TeNWNs (tellurium nanowire) excluded — academic research project, not a company (no startup/funding entity found).

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